test: fix flaky TestPullView_CodeOwner racing the push hook (#38751 )

`TestPullView_CodeOwner/First Pull Request` called `PullRequestCodeOwnersReview` directly and asserted it returned one notifier. That return value holds only the review requests that call creates. But the push (by `files_service.ChangeRepoFiles`) to the PR branch already triggers the same function asynchronously through `AddTestPullRequestTask`, which makes `PullRequestCodeOwnersReview` return an empty slice and the test then fails with ``` Error: "[]" should have 1 item(s), but has 0 ``` Fix: make `require.Eventually` wait for the review request to exist. --------- Co-authored-by: silverwind <me@silverwind.io>
fix(repo): prevent MarkAsBrokenEmpty when repository is being migrated (#39091 ) (#39092 )
2026-08-29 00:59:39 +09:00 · 2026-08-26 14:59:37 -07:00 · 2026-08-25 20:59:05 +00:00 · 2026-08-25 19:24:22 +00:00 · 2026-08-25 18:52:54 +00:00 · 2026-08-25 17:33:09 +00:00
335 changed files with 6786 additions and 2771 deletions
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ jobs:
            cosign sign-blob "$f" --bundle "$f.sigstore.json" --yes
            echo "$GPG_PASSPHRASE" | gpg --pinentry-mode loopback --passphrase-fd 0 --batch --yes --detach-sign -u "$GPG_FINGERPRINT" --output "$f.asc" "$f"
          done
-      # clean branch name to get the folder name in S3
+      # clean branch name to get the folder name in the object storage
      - name: Get cleaned branch name
        id: clean_name
        env:
@@ -60,18 +60,16 @@ jobs:
          REF_NAME=$(echo "$REF" | sed -e 's/refs\/heads\///' -e 's/refs\/tags\///' -e 's/release\/v//')
          echo "Cleaned name is ${REF_NAME}"
          echo "branch=${REF_NAME}-nightly" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-      - name: configure aws
-        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@e7f100cf4c008499ea8adda475de1042d6975c7b # v6.2.0
-        with:
-          aws-region: ${{ secrets.AWS_REGION }}
-          aws-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
-          aws-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
-      - name: upload binaries to s3
+      - name: upload binaries to cloudflare r2
        env:
-          AWS_S3_BUCKET: ${{ secrets.AWS_S3_BUCKET }}
+          AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_R2_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
+          AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_R2_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
+          AWS_DEFAULT_REGION: auto
+          CLOUDFLARE_R2_ACCOUNT_ID: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_R2_ACCOUNT_ID }}
+          CLOUDFLARE_R2_BUCKET: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_R2_BUCKET }}
          BRANCH: ${{ steps.clean_name.outputs.branch }}
        run: |
-          aws s3 sync dist/release "s3://$AWS_S3_BUCKET/gitea/$BRANCH" --no-progress
+          aws s3 sync dist/release "s3://$CLOUDFLARE_R2_BUCKET/gitea/$BRANCH" --endpoint-url "https://$CLOUDFLARE_R2_ACCOUNT_ID.r2.cloudflarestorage.com" --no-progress

  nightly-container:
    runs-on: namespace-profile-gitea-release-docker
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
            cosign sign-blob "$f" --bundle "$f.sigstore.json" --yes
            echo "$GPG_PASSPHRASE" | gpg --pinentry-mode loopback --passphrase-fd 0 --batch --yes --detach-sign -u "$GPG_FINGERPRINT" --output "$f.asc" "$f"
          done
-      # clean branch name to get the folder name in S3
+      # clean branch name to get the folder name in the object storage
      - name: Get cleaned branch name
        id: clean_name
        env:
@@ -61,18 +61,16 @@ jobs:
          REF_NAME=$(echo "$REF" | sed -e 's/refs\/heads\///' -e 's/refs\/tags\/v//' -e 's/release\/v//')
          echo "Cleaned name is ${REF_NAME}"
          echo "branch=${REF_NAME}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-      - name: configure aws
-        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@e7f100cf4c008499ea8adda475de1042d6975c7b # v6.2.0
-        with:
-          aws-region: ${{ secrets.AWS_REGION }}
-          aws-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
-          aws-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
-      - name: upload binaries to s3
+      - name: upload binaries to cloudflare r2
        env:
-          AWS_S3_BUCKET: ${{ secrets.AWS_S3_BUCKET }}
+          AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_R2_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
+          AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_R2_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
+          AWS_DEFAULT_REGION: auto
+          CLOUDFLARE_R2_ACCOUNT_ID: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_R2_ACCOUNT_ID }}
+          CLOUDFLARE_R2_BUCKET: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_R2_BUCKET }}
          BRANCH: ${{ steps.clean_name.outputs.branch }}
        run: |
-          aws s3 sync dist/release "s3://$AWS_S3_BUCKET/gitea/$BRANCH" --no-progress
+          aws s3 sync dist/release "s3://$CLOUDFLARE_R2_BUCKET/gitea/$BRANCH" --endpoint-url "https://$CLOUDFLARE_R2_ACCOUNT_ID.r2.cloudflarestorage.com" --no-progress
      - name: Install GH CLI
        uses: dev-hanz-ops/install-gh-cli-action@af38ce09b1ec248aeb08eea2b16bbecea9e059f8 # v0.2.1
        with:
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ jobs:
            cosign sign-blob "$f" --bundle "$f.sigstore.json" --yes
            echo "$GPG_PASSPHRASE" | gpg --pinentry-mode loopback --passphrase-fd 0 --batch --yes --detach-sign -u "$GPG_FINGERPRINT" --output "$f.asc" "$f"
          done
-      # clean branch name to get the folder name in S3
+      # clean branch name to get the folder name in the object storage
      - name: Get cleaned branch name
        id: clean_name
        env:
@@ -64,18 +64,16 @@ jobs:
          REF_NAME=$(echo "$REF" | sed -e 's/refs\/heads\///' -e 's/refs\/tags\/v//' -e 's/release\/v//')
          echo "Cleaned name is ${REF_NAME}"
          echo "branch=${REF_NAME}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-      - name: configure aws
-        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@e7f100cf4c008499ea8adda475de1042d6975c7b # v6.2.0
-        with:
-          aws-region: ${{ secrets.AWS_REGION }}
-          aws-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
-          aws-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
-      - name: upload binaries to s3
+      - name: upload binaries to cloudflare r2
        env:
-          AWS_S3_BUCKET: ${{ secrets.AWS_S3_BUCKET }}
+          AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_R2_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
+          AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_R2_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
+          AWS_DEFAULT_REGION: auto
+          CLOUDFLARE_R2_ACCOUNT_ID: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_R2_ACCOUNT_ID }}
+          CLOUDFLARE_R2_BUCKET: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_R2_BUCKET }}
          BRANCH: ${{ steps.clean_name.outputs.branch }}
        run: |
-          aws s3 sync dist/release "s3://$AWS_S3_BUCKET/gitea/$BRANCH" --no-progress
+          aws s3 sync dist/release "s3://$CLOUDFLARE_R2_BUCKET/gitea/$BRANCH" --endpoint-url "https://$CLOUDFLARE_R2_ACCOUNT_ID.r2.cloudflarestorage.com" --no-progress
      - name: Install GH CLI
        uses: dev-hanz-ops/install-gh-cli-action@af38ce09b1ec248aeb08eea2b16bbecea9e059f8 # v0.2.1
        with:
@@ -4,6 +4,102 @@ This changelog goes through the changes that have been made in each release
 without substantial changes to our git log; to see the highlights of what has
 been added to each release, please refer to the [blog](https://blog.gitea.com).

+## [1.27.2](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.27.2) - 2026-08-14
+
+* SECURITY
+  * Fix: update collaborator access mode and httpsign (#38894, #38862) (#38895)
+  * Refactor: external render (#38885) (#38898)
+  * Fix(actions): resolve pull_request_target reusable workflows at the base commit (#38886) (#38897)
+  * Refactor: markup render (#38864) (#38869)
+  * Fix(deps): update dependency mermaid to v11.16.1 (#38816)
+  * Fix(auth): set WebAuthn user verification per request (#38805) (#38810)
+  * Fix: render highlight language (#38793) (#38795)
+
+* ENHANCEMENTS
+  * enhance: add missing npm package metadata properties (#38826) (#38831)
+
+* BUGFIXES
+  * fix(actions): keep github.event.inputs as strings for workflow_dispatch (#38899) (#38908)
+  * fix(actions): let a rerun of selected jobs read the previous attempt's artifacts (#38857) (#38901)
+  * fix(lfs): accept successful transfer responses (#38866) (#38875)
+  * fix(packages): ignore nested Package.swift (#38788) (#38836)
+  * fix: drop newline-bearing member names in arch ParsePackage (#38102) (#38830)
+  * fix(storage): fix Azure Blob dump failing with file does not exist (#38814) (#38828)
+  * fix(migration): migration deletion returned json redirection (#38796) (#38825)
+  * fix(ui): change underlines to default browser style (#38819) (#38823)
+  * fix(actions): allow cancelling runs without running jobs (#35842) (#38812)
+  * fix(actions): evaluate each `${{ }}` part on its own (#38754) (#38797)
+  * fix(actions): write an action task report in one transaction (#38792) (#38794)
+  * fix: markup link (#38764) (#38765)
+  * fix: set a minio part size when the content size is unknown (#38753) (#38755)
+  * fix: bad path escape in subpath archive download (#38749) (#38750)
+  * fix: remove the pull merge box from UI when the refreshed page doesn't contain it (#38742) (#38744)
+  * fix(markdown): fix double strikethough on code (#38707) (#38729)
+  * fix(lfs): failed upload deletes a concurrent upload's meta object (#38693) (#38722)
+  * fix: correct full url when using sub-path (#38712) (#38716)
+  * fix: avoid markup render panic (#38698) (#38703)
+  * fix(ui): too many participants shown in commit avatar stacks (#38689) (#38700)
+  * fix: support HEAD requests on Alpine registry APKINDEX.tar.gz (#38686) (#38688)
+  * fix(migrations): use all configured GitHub tokens (#38841) (#38846)
+
+## [1.27.1](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.27.1) - 2026-07-27
+
+* SECURITY
+  * fix(oauth2): enforce mandatory 2FA policy on OAuth2 authorize/grant endpoints (#38591) (#38606)
+
+* API
+  * fix(api): align Swagger schemas for UserSettings and TopicListResponse (#38590) (#38592)
+
+* ENHANCEMENTS
+  * enhance: improve diff contrast in light and dark themes (#37477) (#38574)
+
+* BUGFIXES
+  * fix: skip OIDC end-session after password login for OAuth2 users (#38439) (#38666)
+  * fix: make Actions log parser support multiple line message encoding (#38659) (#38664)
+  * fix(actions): use base branch ref for pull_request_target context (#38636) (#38657)
+  * fix(actions): skip already-approved runs in `ApproveRuns` (#38653) (#38654)
+  * fix: orgmode render include path (#38642) (#38645)
+  * fix(actions): cancel tasks immediately when the runner stopped reporting (#38616) (#38644)
+  * fix(issues): fix label bulk-load key and reduce log noise in LoadLabel (#38632) (#38643)
+  * fix(actions): improve runner list status sorting, labels and task job links (#38586) (#38633)
+  * fix(actions): correctness and hardening fixes (#38518) (#38631)
+  * fix(repo): prevent double-write redirect collisions on dependency errors, fix ui (#38627) (#38628)
+  * fix: delete repo-scoped rows of seven more tables when deleting a repository (#38534) (#38618)
+  * fix(webhook): remove slack channel name check (#38608) (#38612)
+  * fix: download dropdown menu clipped on the branches page (#38604) (#38609)
+  * fix(project): prevent database mutations on invalid MoveIssues payload (#38600) (#38602)
+  * fix(actions): make SingleWorkflow.Marshal round-trip multi-line run blocks (stop silent job stranding) (#38520) (#38599)
+  * fix(file-tree): handle submodule links and missing view container (#38033) (#38589)
+  * fix(actions): fail unexpandable reusable workflow callers and decouple the job emitter's cross-run processing (#38565) (#38587)
+  * fix: keep serving valid ACME cert when renewal fails at startup (#38554) (#38583)
+  * fix: branch protection user list (#38570) (#38584)
+  * fix(pulls): respect diff.orderFile in diff file tree (#38566) (#38578)
+  * fix(issue): make issue action (issue list batch operation) elements have correct attributes (#38575) (#38580)
+  * fix(actions): support `matrix` when evaluating workflow `if` expression (#38474) (#38557)
+  * fix(actions): align status icon span for Safari rendering (#38558) (#38562)
+  * fix: revert git clone http redirection forbidden (#38530) (#38545)
+  * fix: clean up orphaned user-keyed tables in deleteUser (#38511) (#38514)
+  * fix(actions): coerce workflow_dispatch boolean inputs to native types (#38472) (#38521)
+  * fix: make the merge box button red if some checks fail (#38508) (#38516)
+  * fix(pull): sign the commit when updating a branch by merge (#38441) (#38499)
+  * fix: make commit message merge correctly (#38490) (#38502)
+  * fix(actions): explain why a blocked or waiting job has not started (#38476) (#38498)
+  * fix(actions): make `cancelled()` work in job `if` evaluation (#38495) (#38497)
+  * fix(actions): show retention info on hover for expired artifacts (#38477) (#38493)
+  * fix(actions): group reusable-workflow matrix legs in the workflow graph (#38475) (#38492)
+  * fix: full file highlighting for git diff with CR char (#38484) (#38491)
+  * fix(packages): serve noarch Alpine index for any requested architecture (#38479) (#38486)
+  * fix: 500 error when updating user visibility (#38480) (#38483)
+  * fix(actions): make job list item fully clickable (#38462) (#38471)
+  * fix: mail template for push event (#38467) (#38468)
+  * fix: make "test push webhook" always work (#38425) (#38455)
+  * fix(actions): prevent bulk actions from affecting all runners (#38453) (#38457)
+  * fix(org): align follow button and wrap description (#38448) (#38454)
+  * fix(actions): populate `github.event` for scheduled runs (#38446) (#38452)
+
+* MISC
+  * refactor: git patch apply (#38637) (#38638)
+
 ## [1.27.0](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.27.0) - 2026-07-13

 * BREAKING
@@ -5,60 +5,14 @@ package cmd

 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"

-	"gitea.dev/modules/log"
 	"gitea.dev/modules/private"

 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-func defaultLoggingFlags() []cli.Flag {
-	return []cli.Flag{
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "logger",
-			Usage: `Logger name - will default to "default"`,
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "writer",
-			Usage: "Name of the log writer - will default to mode",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "level",
-			Usage: "Logging level for the new logger",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:    "stacktrace-level",
-			Aliases: []string{"L"},
-			Usage:   "Stacktrace logging level",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:    "flags",
-			Aliases: []string{"F"},
-			Usage:   "Flags for the logger",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:    "expression",
-			Aliases: []string{"e"},
-			Usage:   "Matching expression for the logger",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:    "prefix",
-			Aliases: []string{"p"},
-			Usage:   "Prefix for the logger",
-		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:  "color",
-			Usage: "Use color in the logs",
-		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name: "debug",
-		},
-	}
-}
-
 func newLoggingCommand() *cli.Command {
 	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:  "logging",
@@ -91,92 +45,6 @@ func newLoggingCommand() *cli.Command {
 					},
 				},
 				Action: runReleaseReopenLogging,
-			}, {
-				Name:      "remove",
-				Usage:     "Remove a logger",
-				ArgsUsage: "[name] Name of logger to remove",
-				Flags: []cli.Flag{
-					&cli.BoolFlag{
-						Name: "debug",
-					}, &cli.StringFlag{
-						Name:  "logger",
-						Usage: `Logger name - will default to "default"`,
-					},
-				},
-				Action: runRemoveLogger,
-			}, {
-				Name:  "add",
-				Usage: "Add a logger",
-				Commands: []*cli.Command{
-					{
-						Name:  "file",
-						Usage: "Add a file logger",
-						Flags: append(defaultLoggingFlags(), []cli.Flag{
-							&cli.StringFlag{
-								Name:    "filename",
-								Aliases: []string{"f"},
-								Usage:   "Filename for the logger - this must be set.",
-							},
-							&cli.BoolFlag{
-								Name:    "rotate",
-								Aliases: []string{"r"},
-								Usage:   "Rotate logs",
-							},
-							&cli.Int64Flag{
-								Name:    "max-size",
-								Aliases: []string{"s"},
-								Usage:   "Maximum size in bytes before rotation",
-							},
-							&cli.BoolFlag{
-								Name:    "daily",
-								Aliases: []string{"d"},
-								Usage:   "Rotate logs daily",
-							},
-							&cli.IntFlag{
-								Name:    "max-days",
-								Aliases: []string{"D"},
-								Usage:   "Maximum number of daily logs to keep",
-							},
-							&cli.BoolFlag{
-								Name:    "compress",
-								Aliases: []string{"z"},
-								Usage:   "Compress rotated logs",
-							},
-							&cli.IntFlag{
-								Name:    "compression-level",
-								Aliases: []string{"Z"},
-								Usage:   "Compression level to use",
-							},
-						}...),
-						Action: runAddFileLogger,
-					}, {
-						Name:  "conn",
-						Usage: "Add a net conn logger",
-						Flags: append(defaultLoggingFlags(), []cli.Flag{
-							&cli.BoolFlag{
-								Name:    "reconnect-on-message",
-								Aliases: []string{"R"},
-								Usage:   "Reconnect to host for every message",
-							},
-							&cli.BoolFlag{
-								Name:    "reconnect",
-								Aliases: []string{"r"},
-								Usage:   "Reconnect to host when connection is dropped",
-							},
-							&cli.StringFlag{
-								Name:    "protocol",
-								Aliases: []string{"P"},
-								Usage:   "Set protocol to use: tcp, unix, or udp (defaults to tcp)",
-							},
-							&cli.StringFlag{
-								Name:    "address",
-								Aliases: []string{"a"},
-								Usage:   "Host address and port to connect to (defaults to :7020)",
-							},
-						}...),
-						Action: runAddConnLogger,
-					},
-				},
 			}, {
 				Name:  "log-sql",
 				Usage: "Set LogSQL",
@@ -195,107 +63,6 @@ func newLoggingCommand() *cli.Command {
 	}
 }

-func runRemoveLogger(ctx context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
-	setup(ctx, c.Bool("debug"))
-	logger := c.String("logger")
-	if len(logger) == 0 {
-		logger = log.DEFAULT
-	}
-	writer := c.Args().First()
-
-	extra := private.RemoveLogger(ctx, logger, writer)
-	return handleCliResponseExtra(extra)
-}
-
-func runAddConnLogger(ctx context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
-	setup(ctx, c.Bool("debug"))
-	vals := map[string]any{}
-	mode := "conn"
-	vals["net"] = "tcp"
-	if c.IsSet("protocol") {
-		switch c.String("protocol") {
-		case "udp":
-			vals["net"] = "udp"
-		case "unix":
-			vals["net"] = "unix"
-		}
-	}
-	if c.IsSet("address") {
-		vals["address"] = c.String("address")
-	} else {
-		vals["address"] = ":7020"
-	}
-	if c.IsSet("reconnect") {
-		vals["reconnect"] = c.Bool("reconnect")
-	}
-	if c.IsSet("reconnect-on-message") {
-		vals["reconnectOnMsg"] = c.Bool("reconnect-on-message")
-	}
-	return commonAddLogger(ctx, c, mode, vals)
-}
-
-func runAddFileLogger(ctx context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
-	setup(ctx, c.Bool("debug"))
-	vals := map[string]any{}
-	mode := "file"
-	if c.IsSet("filename") {
-		vals["filename"] = c.String("filename")
-	} else {
-		return errors.New("filename must be set when creating a file logger")
-	}
-	if c.IsSet("rotate") {
-		vals["rotate"] = c.Bool("rotate")
-	}
-	if c.IsSet("max-size") {
-		vals["maxsize"] = c.Int64("max-size")
-	}
-	if c.IsSet("daily") {
-		vals["daily"] = c.Bool("daily")
-	}
-	if c.IsSet("max-days") {
-		vals["maxdays"] = c.Int("max-days")
-	}
-	if c.IsSet("compress") {
-		vals["compress"] = c.Bool("compress")
-	}
-	if c.IsSet("compression-level") {
-		vals["compressionLevel"] = c.Int("compression-level")
-	}
-	return commonAddLogger(ctx, c, mode, vals)
-}
-
-func commonAddLogger(ctx context.Context, c *cli.Command, mode string, vals map[string]any) error {
-	if len(c.String("level")) > 0 {
-		vals["level"] = log.LevelFromString(c.String("level")).String()
-	}
-	if len(c.String("stacktrace-level")) > 0 {
-		vals["stacktraceLevel"] = log.LevelFromString(c.String("stacktrace-level")).String()
-	}
-	if len(c.String("expression")) > 0 {
-		vals["expression"] = c.String("expression")
-	}
-	if len(c.String("prefix")) > 0 {
-		vals["prefix"] = c.String("prefix")
-	}
-	if len(c.String("flags")) > 0 {
-		vals["flags"] = log.FlagsFromString(c.String("flags"))
-	}
-	if c.IsSet("color") {
-		vals["colorize"] = c.Bool("color")
-	}
-	logger := log.DEFAULT
-	if c.IsSet("logger") {
-		logger = c.String("logger")
-	}
-	writer := mode
-	if c.IsSet("writer") {
-		writer = c.String("writer")
-	}
-
-	extra := private.AddLogger(ctx, logger, writer, mode, vals)
-	return handleCliResponseExtra(extra)
-}
-
 func runPauseLogging(ctx context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
 	setup(ctx, c.Bool("debug"))
 	userMsg := private.PauseLogging(ctx)
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package cmd
 import (
 	"crypto/x509"
 	"encoding/pem"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
@@ -93,10 +94,21 @@ func runACME(listenAddr string, m http.Handler) error {
 	myACME := certmagic.NewACMEIssuer(magic, certmagic.DefaultACME)
 	magic.Issuers = []certmagic.Issuer{myACME}

-	// this obtains certificates or renews them if necessary
-	err := magic.ManageSync(graceful.GetManager().HammerContext(), []string{setting.Domain})
+	// Obtain certificates or renew them if necessary. ManageSync fails closed on
+	// renewal errors even when a still-valid certificate is already on disk, which
+	// takes HTTPS down on restart (https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/38519).
+	// Prefer keeping the existing cert and retrying renewals asynchronously.
+	ctx := graceful.GetManager().ShutdownContext()
+	err := magic.ManageSync(ctx, []string{setting.Domain})
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		cert, cacheErr := magic.CacheManagedCertificate(ctx, setting.Domain)
+		if cacheErr != nil || cert.Expired() {
+			return errors.Join(err, cacheErr)
+		}
+		log.Error("ACME certificate manage failed; continuing with existing certificate: %v", err)
+		if err := magic.ManageAsync(ctx, []string{setting.Domain}); err != nil {
+			log.Error("Failed to start async ACME management: %v", err)
+		}
 	}

 	tlsConfig := magic.TLSConfig()
@@ -606,7 +606,8 @@ ENABLED = true
 ;; * https://github.com/hickford/git-credential-oauth
 ;; * https://github.com/git-ecosystem/git-credential-manager
 ;; * https://gitea.com/gitea/tea
-;DEFAULT_APPLICATIONS = git-credential-oauth, git-credential-manager, tea
+;; * Gitea App (the official Gitea mobile app)
+;DEFAULT_APPLICATIONS = git-credential-oauth, git-credential-manager, tea, gitea-app
 ;;
 ;; By default, OAuth2 applications can only use "http" and "https" as their redirect URI schemes.
 ;; If you need to use other schemes (e.g. for desktop applications), you can specify them here as a comma-separated list.
@@ -1122,7 +1123,6 @@ LEVEL = Info
 ;ALLOW_FORK_WITHOUT_MAXIMUM_LIMIT = true

 ;; Allow to fork repositories into the same owner (user or organization)
-;; This feature is experimental, not fully tested, and may be changed in the future
 ;ALLOW_FORK_INTO_SAME_OWNER = false

 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2
 	github.com/quasoft/websspi v1.1.2
 	github.com/redis/go-redis/v9 v9.21.0
+	github.com/rhysd/actionlint v1.7.12
 	github.com/robfig/cron/v3 v3.0.1
 	github.com/santhosh-tekuri/jsonschema/v6 v6.0.2
 	github.com/sassoftware/go-rpmutils v0.4.0
@@ -244,7 +245,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/prometheus/common v0.68.1 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.20.1 // indirect
 	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec // indirect
-	github.com/rhysd/actionlint v1.7.12 // indirect
 	github.com/rs/xid v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/shopspring/decimal v1.4.0 // indirect
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ package actions
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"slices"
 	"time"

 	"gitea.dev/models/db"
-	"gitea.dev/modules/optional"
 	"gitea.dev/modules/timeutil"
 	"gitea.dev/modules/util"

@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ type FindArtifactsOptions struct {
 	db.ListOptions
 	RepoID               int64
 	RunID                int64
-	RunAttemptID         optional.Option[int64] // use optional to allow filtering by zero (legacy artifacts have run_attempt_id=0)
+	RunAttemptIDs        []int64 // empty means every attempt; pass 0 to target legacy artifacts, which have run_attempt_id=0
 	ArtifactName         string
 	Status               int
 	FinalizedArtifactsV4 bool
@@ -167,8 +167,8 @@ func (opts FindArtifactsOptions) ToConds() builder.Cond {
 	if opts.RunID > 0 {
 		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"run_id": opts.RunID})
 	}
-	if opts.RunAttemptID.Has() {
-		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"run_attempt_id": opts.RunAttemptID.Value()})
+	if len(opts.RunAttemptIDs) > 0 {
+		cond = cond.And(builder.In("run_attempt_id", opts.RunAttemptIDs))
 	}
 	if opts.ArtifactName != "" {
 		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"artifact_name": opts.ArtifactName})
@@ -185,6 +185,27 @@ func (opts FindArtifactsOptions) ToConds() builder.Cond {
 	return cond
 }

+// FindReadableArtifacts returns the artifacts of opts.RunAttemptIDs, only keeps the ones from a newer attempt.
+func FindReadableArtifacts(ctx context.Context, opts FindArtifactsOptions) ([]*ActionArtifact, error) {
+	arts, err := db.Find[ActionArtifact](ctx, opts)
+	if err != nil || len(opts.RunAttemptIDs) <= 1 {
+		return arts, err
+	}
+	return keepLatestAttemptArtifacts(arts), nil
+}
+
+// keepLatestAttemptArtifacts keeps, per name, only the artifacts of the newest attempt that has it.
+// A v3 artifact is one row per uploaded file, so the whole group of the winning attempt is kept.
+func keepLatestAttemptArtifacts(arts []*ActionArtifact) []*ActionArtifact {
+	latest := make(map[string]int64)
+	for _, art := range arts {
+		latest[art.ArtifactName] = max(latest[art.ArtifactName], art.RunAttemptID)
+	}
+	return slices.DeleteFunc(arts, func(art *ActionArtifact) bool {
+		return art.RunAttemptID != latest[art.ArtifactName]
+	})
+}
+
 // ActionArtifactMeta is the meta-data of an artifact
 type ActionArtifactMeta struct {
 	ArtifactName string
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestKeepLatestAttemptArtifacts(t *testing.T) {
+	arts := []*ActionArtifact{
+		{ID: 1, RunAttemptID: 1, ArtifactName: "inherited"},
+		{ID: 2, RunAttemptID: 1, ArtifactName: "shadowed", ArtifactPath: "a.txt"},
+		{ID: 3, RunAttemptID: 1, ArtifactName: "shadowed", ArtifactPath: "b.txt"},
+		{ID: 4, RunAttemptID: 2, ArtifactName: "shadowed", ArtifactPath: "c.txt"},
+		{ID: 5, RunAttemptID: 2, ArtifactName: "own"},
+	}
+
+	// the whole "shadowed" group of attempt 1 is dropped, its multi-file rows must not mix with attempt 2
+	var ids []int64
+	for _, art := range keepLatestAttemptArtifacts(arts) {
+		ids = append(ids, art.ID)
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, []int64{1, 4, 5}, ids)
+}
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (

 	"gitea.dev/models/db"
 	user_model "gitea.dev/models/user"
+	"gitea.dev/modules/container"
 	"gitea.dev/modules/log"
 	"gitea.dev/modules/timeutil"
 	"gitea.dev/modules/util"
@@ -62,14 +63,16 @@ func (attempt *ActionRunAttempt) LoadAttributes(ctx context.Context) (err error)
 		attempt.Run = run
 	}

-	if attempt.TriggerUser == nil {
-		attempt.TriggerUserID, attempt.TriggerUser, err = user_model.GetPossibleUserByID(ctx, attempt.TriggerUserID)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
+	return attempt.LoadTriggerUser(ctx)
+}

-	return nil
+// LoadTriggerUser loads the attempt's trigger user if not already loaded.
+func (attempt *ActionRunAttempt) LoadTriggerUser(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
+	if attempt.TriggerUser != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	attempt.TriggerUserID, attempt.TriggerUser, err = user_model.GetPossibleUserByID(ctx, attempt.TriggerUserID)
+	return err
 }

 func GetRunAttemptByRepoAndID(ctx context.Context, repoID, attemptID int64) (*ActionRunAttempt, error) {
@@ -94,6 +97,56 @@ func GetRunAttemptByRunIDAndAttemptNum(ctx context.Context, runID, attemptNum in
 	return &attempt, nil
 }

+// GetArtifactAttemptIDs returns the IDs of the attempts whose artifacts the job may read, newest first,
+// always including the job's own attempt.
+// An attempt that re-ran only some of the run's jobs keeps the artifacts of the attempt it re-ran from,
+// because the jobs it passed through never upload them again; a rerun of the whole run starts over.
+func GetArtifactAttemptIDs(ctx context.Context, job *ActionRunJob) ([]int64, error) {
+	if job.Attempt <= 1 || job.RunAttemptID == 0 {
+		return []int64{job.RunAttemptID}, nil
+	}
+
+	attempts, err := ListRunAttemptsByRunID(ctx, job.RunID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// a newer attempt is never readable, and attempt 1 has nothing older to continue into
+	candidateIDs := container.FilterSlice(attempts, func(a *ActionRunAttempt) (int64, bool) {
+		return a.ID, a.Attempt > 1 && a.Attempt <= job.Attempt
+	})
+	passThroughAttemptIDs, err := findPassThroughAttemptIDs(ctx, candidateIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	ids := make([]int64, 0, len(attempts))
+	for _, attempt := range attempts {
+		if attempt.Attempt > job.Attempt {
+			continue
+		}
+		ids = append(ids, attempt.ID)
+		if !slices.Contains(passThroughAttemptIDs, attempt.ID) {
+			// stops at the first attempt that passed no job through
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	return ids, nil
+}
+
+// findPassThroughAttemptIDs narrows the given attempts to those that were a rerun of selected jobs:
+// only such a rerun clones jobs carrying a source task.
+// TODO: best-effort. Needs a better way to distinguish between "partial re-run" and "full re-run".
+func findPassThroughAttemptIDs(ctx context.Context, attemptIDs []int64) ([]int64, error) {
+	passThroughAttemptIDs := make([]int64, 0, len(attemptIDs))
+	return passThroughAttemptIDs, db.GetEngine(ctx).
+		Table("action_run_job").
+		Cols("run_attempt_id").
+		In("run_attempt_id", attemptIDs).
+		Where("source_task_id <> 0").
+		Distinct("run_attempt_id").
+		Find(&passThroughAttemptIDs)
+}
+
 // FindConcurrentRunAttempts returns attempts in the given concurrency group and status set.
 // Results are unordered; callers must not depend on any particular row order.
 func FindConcurrentRunAttempts(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, concurrencyGroup string, statuses []Status) ([]*ActionRunAttempt, error) {
@@ -333,6 +333,14 @@ func GetDirectChildJobsByParent(ctx context.Context, parentJob *ActionRunJob) (A
 	return jobs, nil
 }

+// DeleteDirectChildJobsByParent deletes the direct child jobs of a parent job.
+func DeleteDirectChildJobsByParent(ctx context.Context, parentJob *ActionRunJob) error {
+	_, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).
+		Where("run_id=? AND parent_job_id=?", parentJob.RunID, parentJob.ID).
+		Delete(new(ActionRunJob))
+	return err
+}
+
 // CollectAllDescendantJobs returns every job in `allJobs` that lives under parent's subtree (recursively), excluding `parent` itself
 func CollectAllDescendantJobs(parent *ActionRunJob, allJobs []*ActionRunJob) []*ActionRunJob {
 	parents := map[int64]bool{parent.ID: true}
@@ -440,58 +448,74 @@ func UpdateRunJob(ctx context.Context, job *ActionRunJob, cond builder.Cond, col
 		return affected, RefreshReusableCallerStatus(ctx, parent)
 	}

-	{
-		// Other goroutines may aggregate the status of the attempt/run and update it too.
-		// So we need to load the current jobs before updating the aggregate state.
-		if job.RunAttemptID > 0 {
-			attempt, err := GetRunAttemptByRepoAndID(ctx, job.RepoID, job.RunAttemptID)
-			if err != nil {
-				return 0, err
-			}
-			jobs, err := GetRunJobsByRunAndAttemptID(ctx, job.RunID, job.RunAttemptID)
-			if err != nil {
-				return 0, err
-			}
-			attempt.Status = AggregateJobStatus(jobs)
-			if attempt.Started.IsZero() && attempt.Status.IsRunning() {
-				attempt.Started = timeutil.TimeStampNow()
-			}
-			if attempt.Stopped.IsZero() && attempt.Status.IsDone() {
-				attempt.Stopped = timeutil.TimeStampNow()
-			}
-			if err := UpdateRunAttempt(ctx, attempt, "status", "started", "stopped"); err != nil {
-				return 0, fmt.Errorf("update run attempt %d: %w", attempt.ID, err)
-			}
-		} else {
-			// TODO: Remove this fallback in the future.
-			// Legacy fallback: jobs created before migration v331 have RunAttemptID=0 and are NOT backfilled.
-			// This path keeps those runs' status consistent when their jobs finish, including:
-			//   - jobs created before migration v331 and complete on the new version starts
-			//   - zombie/abandoned cleanup cron tasks that call UpdateRunJob on legacy jobs
-			run, err := GetRunByRepoAndID(ctx, job.RepoID, job.RunID)
-			if err != nil {
-				return 0, err
-			}
-			jobs, err := GetLatestAttemptJobsByRepoAndRunID(ctx, job.RepoID, job.RunID)
-			if err != nil {
-				return 0, err
-			}
-			run.Status = AggregateJobStatus(jobs)
-			if run.Started.IsZero() && run.Status.IsRunning() {
-				run.Started = timeutil.TimeStampNow()
-			}
-			if run.Stopped.IsZero() && run.Status.IsDone() {
-				run.Stopped = timeutil.TimeStampNow()
-			}
-			if err := UpdateRun(ctx, run, "status", "started", "stopped"); err != nil {
-				return 0, fmt.Errorf("update run %d: %w", run.ID, err)
-			}
-		}
+	if err := refreshRunStatus(ctx, job.RepoID, job.RunID, job.RunAttemptID, StatusUnknown); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
 	}

 	return affected, nil
 }

+// refreshRunStatus recomputes the status of an attempt from the jobs currently stored and persists it.
+// The latest attempt propagates its status to its run, an older one only updates itself.
+// noJobsStatus settles an attempt without any job, which AggregateJobStatus cannot conclude on its own.
+func refreshRunStatus(ctx context.Context, repoID, runID, runAttemptID int64, noJobsStatus Status) error {
+	// Other goroutines may aggregate the status of the attempt/run and update it too.
+	// So we need to load the current jobs before updating the aggregate state.
+	if runAttemptID > 0 {
+		attempt, err := GetRunAttemptByRepoAndID(ctx, repoID, runAttemptID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		jobs, err := GetRunJobsByRunAndAttemptID(ctx, runID, runAttemptID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		attempt.Status = AggregateJobStatus(jobs)
+		if len(jobs) == 0 {
+			attempt.Status = noJobsStatus
+		}
+		if attempt.Started.IsZero() && attempt.Status.IsRunning() {
+			attempt.Started = timeutil.TimeStampNow()
+		}
+		if attempt.Stopped.IsZero() && attempt.Status.IsDone() {
+			attempt.Stopped = timeutil.TimeStampNow()
+		}
+		if err := UpdateRunAttempt(ctx, attempt, "status", "started", "stopped"); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("update run attempt %d: %w", attempt.ID, err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// TODO: Remove this fallback in the future.
+	// Legacy fallback: jobs created before migration v331 have RunAttemptID=0 and are NOT backfilled.
+	// This path keeps those runs' status consistent when their jobs finish, including:
+	//   - jobs created before migration v331 and complete on the new version starts
+	//   - zombie/abandoned cleanup cron tasks that call UpdateRunJob on legacy jobs
+	//   - cancelling a legacy run whose jobs are all already done
+	run, err := GetRunByRepoAndID(ctx, repoID, runID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	jobs, err := GetLatestAttemptJobsByRepoAndRunID(ctx, repoID, runID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	run.Status = AggregateJobStatus(jobs)
+	if len(jobs) == 0 {
+		run.Status = noJobsStatus
+	}
+	if run.Started.IsZero() && run.Status.IsRunning() {
+		run.Started = timeutil.TimeStampNow()
+	}
+	if run.Stopped.IsZero() && run.Status.IsDone() {
+		run.Stopped = timeutil.TimeStampNow()
+	}
+	if err := UpdateRun(ctx, run, "status", "started", "stopped"); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("update run %d: %w", run.ID, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // RefreshReusableCallerStatus recomputes a reusable workflow caller's Status, Started and Stopped from its current direct children and persists the change.
 // No-op if caller is not a reusable caller.
 //
@@ -652,6 +676,8 @@ func CancelPreviousJobsByJobConcurrency(ctx context.Context, job *ActionRunJob)
 	return CancelJobs(ctx, jobsToCancel)
 }

+// CancelJobs cancels every cancellable job it is given. It leaves the status of a run it
+// cancelled nothing in untouched, SettleRunAfterCancel is what gives such a run a final one.
 func CancelJobs(ctx context.Context, jobs []*ActionRunJob) ([]*ActionRunJob, error) {
 	cancelledJobs := make([]*ActionRunJob, 0, len(jobs))

@@ -676,6 +702,16 @@ func CancelJobs(ctx context.Context, jobs []*ActionRunJob) ([]*ActionRunJob, err
 	return cancelledJobs, nil
 }

+// SettleRunAfterCancel gives a run a final status when cancelling it updated no job at all.
+// A run's status is otherwise only ever written as a side effect of a job update, so a run whose
+// jobs are all done already, or that has no job at all, would stay unfinished forever.
+func SettleRunAfterCancel(ctx context.Context, run *ActionRun) error {
+	if run.Status.IsDone() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return refreshRunStatus(ctx, run.RepoID, run.ID, run.LatestAttemptID, StatusCancelled)
+}
+
 // cancelOneJob cancels a single job and returns the post-cancel row
 func cancelOneJob(ctx context.Context, job *ActionRunJob) (*ActionRunJob, error) {
 	if job.Status.IsDone() {
@@ -159,3 +159,12 @@ func (opts FindRunJobOptions) ToOrders() string {
 }

 var _ db.FindOptionsOrder = FindRunJobOptions{}
+
+// CountRunJobsByRunAndAttemptID counts the jobs belonging to the given run attempt.
+// It is used to enforce MaxJobNumPerRun when reusable-workflow expansion inserts new jobs.
+func CountRunJobsByRunAndAttemptID(ctx context.Context, runID, runAttemptID int64) (int64, error) {
+	return db.Count[ActionRunJob](ctx, FindRunJobOptions{
+		RunID:        runID,
+		RunAttemptID: optional.Some(runAttemptID),
+	})
+}
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (

 	"gitea.dev/models/db"
 	"gitea.dev/models/unittest"
+	"gitea.dev/modules/timeutil"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
@@ -197,3 +198,91 @@ func TestCancelJobs_NestedBlockedReusableCaller(t *testing.T) {
 	gotRun := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &ActionRun{ID: run.ID})
 	assert.Equal(t, StatusCancelled, gotRun.Status, "run must aggregate to Cancelled, not stay Blocked")
 }
+
+func TestSettleRunAfterCancel(t *testing.T) {
+	// A run that cancelling updates no job in, because its jobs all reached a final status already
+	// or because it has none at all. Its own row has to be settled explicitly, or the run can never
+	// finish and can never be deleted either.
+
+	newStuckRun := func(t *testing.T, withAttempt, withJob bool) (*ActionRun, []*ActionRunJob) {
+		t.Helper()
+		ctx := t.Context()
+
+		run := &ActionRun{
+			Title:         "stuck-waiting",
+			RepoID:        4,
+			Index:         9801,
+			OwnerID:       1,
+			WorkflowID:    "test.yaml",
+			TriggerUserID: 1,
+			Ref:           "refs/heads/master",
+			CommitSHA:     "c2d72f548424103f01ee1dc02889c1e2bff816b0",
+			Event:         "push",
+			TriggerEvent:  "push",
+			EventPayload:  "{}",
+			Status:        StatusWaiting,
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, db.Insert(ctx, run))
+
+		var runAttemptID int64
+		if withAttempt {
+			attempt := &ActionRunAttempt{RepoID: run.RepoID, RunID: run.ID, Attempt: 1, TriggerUserID: 1, Status: StatusWaiting}
+			require.NoError(t, db.Insert(ctx, attempt))
+			run.LatestAttemptID = attempt.ID
+			require.NoError(t, UpdateRun(ctx, run, "latest_attempt_id"))
+			runAttemptID = attempt.ID
+		}
+
+		if !withJob {
+			return run, nil
+		}
+		job := &ActionRunJob{
+			RunID:        run.ID,
+			RunAttemptID: runAttemptID,
+			RepoID:       run.RepoID,
+			OwnerID:      run.OwnerID,
+			CommitSHA:    run.CommitSHA,
+			Name:         "job1",
+			JobID:        "job1",
+			Attempt:      1,
+			Status:       StatusSuccess,
+			Stopped:      timeutil.TimeStampNow(),
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, db.Insert(ctx, job))
+		return run, []*ActionRunJob{job}
+	}
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name        string
+		withAttempt bool
+		withJob     bool
+		want        Status
+	}{
+		{"done job", true, true, StatusSuccess},
+		// Runs created before migration v331 have no attempt, their status lives on the run row itself.
+		{"done job on a legacy run without attempt", false, true, StatusSuccess},
+		// Aggregation cannot reach a final status without any job, so cancelling has to end the run itself.
+		{"no job at all", true, false, StatusCancelled},
+		{"no job at all on a legacy run without attempt", false, false, StatusCancelled},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+			run, jobs := newStuckRun(t, tc.withAttempt, tc.withJob)
+
+			// mirrors what the CancelRun service does
+			cancelled, err := CancelJobs(t.Context(), jobs)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Empty(t, cancelled, "nothing is cancellable, so the run row has to be settled explicitly")
+			require.NoError(t, SettleRunAfterCancel(t.Context(), run))
+
+			if tc.withAttempt {
+				gotAttempt := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &ActionRunAttempt{ID: run.LatestAttemptID})
+				assert.Equal(t, tc.want, gotAttempt.Status)
+			}
+			gotRun := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &ActionRun{ID: run.ID})
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, gotRun.Status)
+			assert.NotZero(t, gotRun.Stopped)
+		})
+	}
+}
@@ -270,15 +270,31 @@ func (opts FindRunnerOptions) ToConds() builder.Cond {
 	return cond
 }

+// runnerStatusOrderExpr builds an ORDER BY fragment that ranks runners by their
+// computed status (see ActionRunner.Status): active (0), idle (1), offline (2).
+// The thresholds are evaluated against the current time, mirroring ToConds, so
+// sorting by status groups active and idle runners instead of interleaving them
+// by raw last_online.
+func runnerStatusOrderExpr() string {
+	now := time.Now()
+	offlineThreshold := now.Add(-RunnerOfflineTime).Unix()
+	idleThreshold := now.Add(-RunnerIdleTime).Unix()
+	return fmt.Sprintf("CASE WHEN last_online <= %d THEN 2 WHEN last_active <= %d THEN 1 ELSE 0 END", offlineThreshold, idleThreshold)
+}
+
 func (opts FindRunnerOptions) ToOrders() string {
 	// A unique tiebreaker (id) is appended so that runners sharing the same
-	// last_online or name keep a deterministic order across paginated queries,
-	// otherwise the same runner may appear on more than one page.
+	// status, last_online or name keep a deterministic order across paginated
+	// queries, otherwise the same runner may appear on more than one page.
+	statusRank := runnerStatusOrderExpr()
 	switch opts.Sort {
 	case "online":
-		return "last_online DESC, id ASC"
+		// Rank by computed status first so idle runners are not interleaved with
+		// active ones; disabled runners sink to the bottom of their status group
+		// (is_disabled ASC), then last_online breaks ties within a group.
+		return statusRank + " ASC, is_disabled ASC, last_online DESC, id ASC"
 	case "offline":
-		return "last_online ASC, id ASC"
+		return statusRank + " DESC, is_disabled ASC, last_online ASC, id ASC"
 	case "alphabetically":
 		return "name ASC, id ASC"
 	case "reversealphabetically":
@@ -288,7 +304,7 @@ func (opts FindRunnerOptions) ToOrders() string {
 	case "oldest":
 		return "id ASC"
 	}
-	return "last_online DESC, id ASC"
+	return statusRank + " ASC, is_disabled ASC, last_online DESC, id ASC"
 }

 // GetRunnerByUUID returns a runner via uuid
@@ -4,16 +4,12 @@
 package actions

 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"testing"
 	"time"

-	"gitea.dev/models/db"
-	"gitea.dev/models/unittest"
 	"gitea.dev/modules/timeutil"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )

 func TestShouldPersistLastOnline(t *testing.T) {
@@ -85,65 +81,3 @@ func TestShouldPersistLastActive(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
-
-func TestFindRunnerOptions_ToOrders_StableTiebreaker(t *testing.T) {
-	// Sorts on a non-unique column must end with the unique id tiebreaker so
-	// pagination is deterministic; without it, runners sharing the same
-	// last_online or name can appear on more than one page. Sorts already on
-	// the unique id need no tiebreaker.
-	expected := map[string]string{
-		"":                      "last_online DESC, id ASC",
-		"online":                "last_online DESC, id ASC",
-		"offline":               "last_online ASC, id ASC",
-		"alphabetically":        "name ASC, id ASC",
-		"reversealphabetically": "name DESC, id ASC",
-		"newest":                "id DESC",
-		"oldest":                "id ASC",
-	}
-	for sort, want := range expected {
-		assert.Equal(t, want, FindRunnerOptions{Sort: sort}.ToOrders(), "sort %q", sort)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestFindRunners_PaginationNoDuplicates(t *testing.T) {
-	require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
-	ctx := t.Context()
-
-	// Create several runners that all share the same last_online value so the
-	// primary sort key (last_online) is tied for all of them.
-	const ownerID = 1000
-	const count = 6
-	for i := range count {
-		runner := &ActionRunner{
-			Name:       "paginated-runner",
-			UUID:       fmt.Sprintf("PAGINATE-TEST-0000-0000-00000000000%d", i),
-			TokenHash:  fmt.Sprintf("paginate-test-token-hash-%d", i),
-			OwnerID:    ownerID,
-			RepoID:     0,
-			LastOnline: 42,
-		}
-		require.NoError(t, db.Insert(ctx, runner))
-	}
-
-	// Page through the runners and ensure every id is returned exactly once.
-	seen := make(map[int64]int)
-	const pageSize = 2
-	for page := 1; ; page++ {
-		runners, err := db.Find[ActionRunner](ctx, FindRunnerOptions{
-			ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: page, PageSize: pageSize},
-			OwnerID:     ownerID,
-		})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		if len(runners) == 0 {
-			break
-		}
-		for _, r := range runners {
-			seen[r.ID]++
-		}
-	}
-
-	assert.Len(t, seen, count, "each runner should be returned exactly once across all pages")
-	for id, n := range seen {
-		assert.Equal(t, 1, n, "runner %d appeared on %d pages", id, n)
-	}
-}
@@ -60,6 +60,12 @@ type ActionTask struct {
 	Updated timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"updated index"`
 }

+// taskReportTimeout is how long a task may go without contact from its runner before the
+// runner is assumed gone. Runners report state and stream logs every few seconds, both of
+// which refresh ActionTask.Updated. Shorter than setting.Actions.ZombieTaskTimeout because
+// it only decides whether the runner is reachable, not whether the task should be killed.
+const taskReportTimeout = time.Minute
+
 var successfulTokenTaskCache *lru.Cache[string, any]

 func init() {
@@ -85,11 +91,15 @@ func (task *ActionTask) IsStopped() bool {
 	return task.Stopped > 0
 }

-func (task *ActionTask) GetRunLink() string {
-	if task.Job == nil || task.Job.Run == nil {
+func (task *ActionTask) GetRunJobLink() string {
+	// Run.Repo can be nil when the repository was deleted while task/run rows remain
+	// (TaskList.LoadAttributes copies job.Repo into run.Repo, leaving it nil on a miss).
+	// Run.Link() already returns "" in that case, so guard here to avoid emitting a
+	// broken relative "/jobs/N" link from the Sprintf below.
+	if task.Job == nil || task.Job.Run == nil || task.Job.Run.Repo == nil {
 		return ""
 	}
-	return task.Job.Run.Link()
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/jobs/%d", task.Job.Run.Link(), task.Job.ID)
 }

 func (task *ActionTask) GetCommitLink() string {
@@ -468,7 +478,7 @@ func UpdateTaskByState(ctx context.Context, runnerID int64, state *runnerv1.Task
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	task := &ActionTask{}
-	err = globallock.LockAndDo(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("UpdateTaskByState-run-%d", runID), func(ctx context.Context) error {
+	applyState := func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		if has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).ID(taskID).Get(task); err != nil {
 			return err
 		} else if !has {
@@ -533,6 +543,10 @@ func UpdateTaskByState(ctx context.Context, runnerID int64, state *runnerv1.Task
 			}
 		}
 		return nil
+	}
+	err = globallock.LockAndDo(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("UpdateTaskByState-run-%d", runID), func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		// A half-written report leaves the task done with a running job, which no retry repairs.
+		return db.WithTx(ctx, applyState)
 	})
 	return task, err
 }
@@ -563,6 +577,10 @@ func StopTask(ctx context.Context, taskID int64, status Status) error {
 			status = StatusCancelled
 		} else if !runner.HasCancellingSupport {
 			status = StatusCancelled
+		} else if task.Updated.AddDuration(taskReportTimeout) < now {
+			// A runner that stopped reporting will never acknowledge the cancellation either,
+			// so skip the handshake instead of waiting for the zombie task cleanup.
+			status = StatusCancelled
 		}
 	}

@@ -577,7 +595,10 @@ func StopTask(ctx context.Context, taskID int64, status Status) error {
 			return err
 		}

-		return UpdateTask(ctx, task, "status")
+		// NoAutoTime keeps "updated" at the runner's last contact: re-cancelling an already
+		// cancelling task must not defer the timeout above or the zombie task cleanup.
+		_, err := e.ID(task.ID).Cols("status").NoAutoTime().Update(task)
+		return err
 	}

 	task.Status = status
@@ -4,11 +4,15 @@
 package actions

 import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"

 	runnerv1 "gitea.dev/actions-proto-go/runner/v1"
 	"gitea.dev/models/db"
+	repo_model "gitea.dev/models/repo"
 	"gitea.dev/models/unittest"
 	"gitea.dev/modules/actions/jobparser"
 	"gitea.dev/modules/timeutil"
@@ -16,8 +20,24 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
+	"xorm.io/xorm/contexts"
 )

+func TestActionTask_GetRunJobLink(t *testing.T) {
+	repo := &repo_model.Repository{OwnerName: "org", Name: "consumer"}
+	run := &ActionRun{ID: 10, Repo: repo}
+	job := &ActionRunJob{ID: 42, Run: run}
+
+	// a task with a loaded job links to that specific job, not just the run
+	task := &ActionTask{Job: job}
+	assert.Equal(t, run.Link()+"/jobs/42", task.GetRunJobLink())
+
+	// missing job, run or repo yields an empty link instead of a broken URL
+	assert.Empty(t, (&ActionTask{}).GetRunJobLink())
+	assert.Empty(t, (&ActionTask{Job: &ActionRunJob{ID: 42}}).GetRunJobLink())
+	assert.Empty(t, (&ActionTask{Job: &ActionRunJob{ID: 42, Run: &ActionRun{ID: 10}}}).GetRunJobLink())
+}
+
 func TestMakeTaskStepDisplayName(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name     string
@@ -83,68 +103,11 @@ func TestMakeTaskStepDisplayName(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestTaskCancellingFinalizesToCancelled(t *testing.T) {
-	newRunningTask := func(t *testing.T) (*ActionTask, *ActionRunJob) {
-		t.Helper()
-
-		run := &ActionRun{
-			Title:         "cancelling-test-run",
-			RepoID:        1,
-			OwnerID:       2,
-			WorkflowID:    "test.yaml",
-			Index:         999,
-			TriggerUserID: 2,
-			Ref:           "refs/heads/master",
-			CommitSHA:     "c2d72f548424103f01ee1dc02889c1e2bff816b0",
-			Event:         "push",
-			TriggerEvent:  "push",
-			Status:        StatusRunning,
-			Started:       timeutil.TimeStampNow(),
-		}
-		require.NoError(t, db.Insert(t.Context(), run))
-
-		job := &ActionRunJob{
-			RunID:     run.ID,
-			RepoID:    run.RepoID,
-			OwnerID:   run.OwnerID,
-			CommitSHA: run.CommitSHA,
-			Name:      "cancelling-finalization-job",
-			Attempt:   1,
-			JobID:     "cancelling-finalization-job",
-			Status:    StatusRunning,
-		}
-		require.NoError(t, db.Insert(t.Context(), job))
-
-		runner := &ActionRunner{
-			UUID:                 "runner-cancelling-supported",
-			Name:                 "runner-cancelling-supported",
-			HasCancellingSupport: true,
-		}
-		require.NoError(t, db.Insert(t.Context(), runner))
-
-		task := &ActionTask{
-			JobID:     job.ID,
-			Attempt:   1,
-			RunnerID:  runner.ID,
-			Status:    StatusRunning,
-			Started:   timeutil.TimeStampNow(),
-			RepoID:    run.RepoID,
-			OwnerID:   run.OwnerID,
-			CommitSHA: run.CommitSHA,
-		}
-		require.NoError(t, db.Insert(t.Context(), task))
-
-		job.TaskID = task.ID
-		_, err := UpdateRunJob(t.Context(), job, nil, "task_id")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		return task, job
-	}
-
 	testResult := func(t *testing.T, result runnerv1.Result) {
 		t.Helper()
 		require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())

-		task, job := newRunningTask(t)
+		task, job := newRunningTaskForCancelling(t, "cancelling-finalization-job", true)
 		require.NoError(t, StopTask(t.Context(), task.ID, StatusCancelling))

 		taskAfterStop := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &ActionTask{ID: task.ID})
@@ -174,137 +137,92 @@ func TestTaskCancellingFinalizesToCancelled(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }

-func TestStopTaskCancellingFallsBackForLegacyRunner(t *testing.T) {
-	require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+// TestStopTaskCancellingFallsBackToCancelled covers the cases where the cancelling handshake can
+// never complete, so StopTask must cancel right away instead of waiting for the zombie task cleanup.
+func TestStopTaskCancellingFallsBackToCancelled(t *testing.T) {
+	assertCancelled := func(t *testing.T, task *ActionTask, job *ActionRunJob) {
+		t.Helper()

-	run := &ActionRun{
-		Title:         "cancelling-test-run",
-		RepoID:        1,
-		OwnerID:       2,
-		WorkflowID:    "test.yaml",
-		Index:         999,
-		TriggerUserID: 2,
-		Ref:           "refs/heads/master",
-		CommitSHA:     "c2d72f548424103f01ee1dc02889c1e2bff816b0",
-		Event:         "push",
-		TriggerEvent:  "push",
-		Status:        StatusRunning,
-		Started:       timeutil.TimeStampNow(),
+		taskAfterStop := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &ActionTask{ID: task.ID})
+		assert.Equal(t, StatusCancelled, taskAfterStop.Status)
+		assert.NotZero(t, taskAfterStop.Stopped)
+
+		jobAfterStop := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &ActionRunJob{ID: job.ID})
+		assert.Equal(t, StatusCancelled, jobAfterStop.Status)
+		assert.NotZero(t, jobAfterStop.Stopped)
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, db.Insert(t.Context(), run))

-	job := &ActionRunJob{
-		RunID:     run.ID,
-		RepoID:    run.RepoID,
-		OwnerID:   run.OwnerID,
-		CommitSHA: run.CommitSHA,
-		Name:      "legacy-cancelling-job",
-		Attempt:   1,
-		JobID:     "legacy-cancelling-job",
-		Status:    StatusRunning,
-	}
-	require.NoError(t, db.Insert(t.Context(), job))
+	// A runner too old to know the cancelling state can only be stopped by a final status.
+	t.Run("legacy runner", func(t *testing.T) {
+		require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+		task, job := newRunningTaskForCancelling(t, "legacy-cancelling-job", false)

-	runner := &ActionRunner{
-		UUID:                 "runner-legacy-no-cancelling",
-		Name:                 "runner-legacy-no-cancelling",
-		HasCancellingSupport: false,
-	}
-	require.NoError(t, db.Insert(t.Context(), runner))
+		require.NoError(t, StopTask(t.Context(), task.ID, StatusCancelling))
+		assertCancelled(t, task, job)
+	})

-	task := &ActionTask{
-		JobID:     job.ID,
-		Attempt:   1,
-		RunnerID:  runner.ID,
-		Status:    StatusRunning,
-		Started:   timeutil.TimeStampNow(),
-		RepoID:    run.RepoID,
-		OwnerID:   run.OwnerID,
-		CommitSHA: run.CommitSHA,
-	}
-	require.NoError(t, db.Insert(t.Context(), task))
+	// The runner is gone, e.g. an ephemeral runner was cleaned up, so nobody can acknowledge.
+	t.Run("missing runner", func(t *testing.T) {
+		require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+		task, job := newRunningTaskForCancelling(t, "missing-runner-cancelling-job", true)

-	job.TaskID = task.ID
-	_, err := UpdateRunJob(t.Context(), job, nil, "task_id")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+		_, err := db.DeleteByID[ActionRunner](t.Context(), task.RunnerID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)

-	require.NoError(t, StopTask(t.Context(), task.ID, StatusCancelling))
+		require.NoError(t, StopTask(t.Context(), task.ID, StatusCancelling))
+		assertCancelled(t, task, job)
+	})

-	taskAfterStop := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &ActionTask{ID: task.ID})
-	assert.Equal(t, StatusCancelled, taskAfterStop.Status)
-	assert.NotZero(t, taskAfterStop.Stopped)
+	// The runner went silent, e.g. it gave up while Gitea was restarting, so it never picks up the request.
+	t.Run("silent runner", func(t *testing.T) {
+		require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+		task, job := newRunningTaskForCancelling(t, "silent-runner-cancelling-job", true)

-	jobAfterStop := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &ActionRunJob{ID: job.ID})
-	assert.Equal(t, StatusCancelled, jobAfterStop.Status)
-	assert.NotZero(t, jobAfterStop.Stopped)
+		// NoAutoTime because the point of the test is an "updated" older than xorm would write
+		task.Updated = timeutil.TimeStampNow().AddDuration(-2 * taskReportTimeout)
+		_, err := db.GetEngine(t.Context()).ID(task.ID).Cols("updated").NoAutoTime().Update(task)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.NoError(t, StopTask(t.Context(), task.ID, StatusCancelling))
+		assertCancelled(t, task, job)
+
+		// A runner coming back still learns the outcome from the UpdateTask response,
+		// and its late result does not overwrite the cancellation.
+		late, err := UpdateTaskByState(t.Context(), task.RunnerID, &runnerv1.TaskState{
+			Id:        task.ID,
+			Result:    runnerv1.Result_RESULT_SUCCESS,
+			StoppedAt: timestamppb.Now(),
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, StatusCancelled, late.Status)
+		assert.Equal(t, runnerv1.Result_RESULT_CANCELLED, late.Status.AsResult())
+	})
 }

-func TestStopTaskCancellingFallsBackForMissingRunner(t *testing.T) {
+// TestStopTaskCancellingKeepsReportTime makes sure persisting the cancelling status does not refresh
+// "updated": re-cancelling would otherwise defer both the fallback to cancelled and the zombie task
+// cleanup, no matter how long the runner has been silent.
+func TestStopTaskCancellingKeepsReportTime(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+	task, _ := newRunningTaskForCancelling(t, "repeated-cancelling-job", true)

-	run := &ActionRun{
-		Title:         "cancelling-test-run",
-		RepoID:        1,
-		OwnerID:       2,
-		WorkflowID:    "test.yaml",
-		Index:         999,
-		TriggerUserID: 2,
-		Ref:           "refs/heads/master",
-		CommitSHA:     "c2d72f548424103f01ee1dc02889c1e2bff816b0",
-		Event:         "push",
-		TriggerEvent:  "push",
-		Status:        StatusRunning,
-		Started:       timeutil.TimeStampNow(),
-	}
-	require.NoError(t, db.Insert(t.Context(), run))
-
-	job := &ActionRunJob{
-		RunID:     run.ID,
-		RepoID:    run.RepoID,
-		OwnerID:   run.OwnerID,
-		CommitSHA: run.CommitSHA,
-		Name:      "missing-runner-cancelling-job",
-		Attempt:   1,
-		JobID:     "missing-runner-cancelling-job",
-		Status:    StatusRunning,
-	}
-	require.NoError(t, db.Insert(t.Context(), job))
-
-	runner := &ActionRunner{
-		UUID:                 "runner-cleaned-up-before-cancel",
-		Name:                 "runner-cleaned-up-before-cancel",
-		HasCancellingSupport: true,
-	}
-	require.NoError(t, db.Insert(t.Context(), runner))
-
-	task := &ActionTask{
-		JobID:     job.ID,
-		Attempt:   1,
-		RunnerID:  runner.ID,
-		Status:    StatusRunning,
-		Started:   timeutil.TimeStampNow(),
-		RepoID:    run.RepoID,
-		OwnerID:   run.OwnerID,
-		CommitSHA: run.CommitSHA,
-	}
-	require.NoError(t, db.Insert(t.Context(), task))
-
-	job.TaskID = task.ID
-	_, err := UpdateRunJob(t.Context(), job, nil, "task_id")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	_, err = db.DeleteByID[ActionRunner](t.Context(), runner.ID)
+	// NoAutoTime because the point of the test is an "updated" older than xorm would write
+	lastReport := timeutil.TimeStampNow().AddDuration(-taskReportTimeout / 2)
+	task.Updated = lastReport
+	_, err := db.GetEngine(t.Context()).ID(task.ID).Cols("updated").NoAutoTime().Update(task)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

+	// the runner reported recently enough, so the task waits for it to acknowledge
 	require.NoError(t, StopTask(t.Context(), task.ID, StatusCancelling))
-
 	taskAfterStop := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &ActionTask{ID: task.ID})
-	assert.Equal(t, StatusCancelled, taskAfterStop.Status)
-	assert.NotZero(t, taskAfterStop.Stopped)
+	assert.Equal(t, StatusCancelling, taskAfterStop.Status)
+	assert.Equal(t, lastReport, taskAfterStop.Updated)

-	jobAfterStop := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &ActionRunJob{ID: job.ID})
-	assert.Equal(t, StatusCancelled, jobAfterStop.Status)
-	assert.NotZero(t, jobAfterStop.Stopped)
+	// cancelling it again does not reset the clock either
+	require.NoError(t, StopTask(t.Context(), task.ID, StatusCancelling))
+	taskAfterSecondStop := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &ActionTask{ID: task.ID})
+	assert.Equal(t, StatusCancelling, taskAfterSecondStop.Status)
+	assert.Equal(t, lastReport, taskAfterSecondStop.Updated)
 }

 // TestReleaseTaskForRunner verifies that releasing a freshly-claimed task returns
@@ -442,3 +360,91 @@ func TestCreateTaskForRunnerPagination(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, StatusRunning, claimed.Status)
 	assert.Equal(t, task.ID, claimed.TaskID)
 }
+
+type failFirstStepWrite struct{ fired atomic.Bool }
+
+func (h *failFirstStepWrite) BeforeProcess(c *contexts.ContextHook) (context.Context, error) {
+	if !h.fired.Load() && strings.HasPrefix(c.SQL, "UPDATE") && strings.Contains(c.SQL, "action_task_step") {
+		h.fired.Store(true)
+		return nil, errors.New("interrupted")
+	}
+	return c.Ctx, nil
+}
+
+func (*failFirstStepWrite) AfterProcess(*contexts.ContextHook) error { return nil }
+
+// TestUpdateTaskByStateIsAtomic checks that an interrupted report writes nothing: a surviving task or
+// job write would hit the "state is final" early return, which no retry or cleanup repairs.
+func TestUpdateTaskByStateIsAtomic(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+	task, job := newRunningTaskForCancelling(t, "atomic-report-job", true)
+	require.NoError(t, db.Insert(t.Context(), &ActionTaskStep{TaskID: task.ID, RepoID: task.RepoID, Status: StatusRunning}))
+	unittest.GetXORMEngine().AddHook(&failFirstStepWrite{})
+	finalState := &runnerv1.TaskState{Id: task.ID, Result: runnerv1.Result_RESULT_SUCCESS, StoppedAt: timestamppb.Now()}
+	_, err := UpdateTaskByState(t.Context(), task.RunnerID, finalState)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, StatusRunning, unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &ActionTask{ID: task.ID}).Status)
+	assert.Equal(t, StatusRunning, unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &ActionRunJob{ID: job.ID}).Status)
+	_, err = UpdateTaskByState(t.Context(), task.RunnerID, finalState)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, StatusSuccess, unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &ActionRunJob{ID: job.ID}).Status)
+}
+
+// newRunningTaskForCancelling inserts a running run/job/task assigned to a fresh runner,
+// which is the state every cancellation test starts from.
+func newRunningTaskForCancelling(t *testing.T, name string, hasCancellingSupport bool) (*ActionTask, *ActionRunJob) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	run := &ActionRun{
+		Title:         "cancelling-test-run",
+		RepoID:        1,
+		OwnerID:       2,
+		WorkflowID:    "test.yaml",
+		Index:         999,
+		TriggerUserID: 2,
+		Ref:           "refs/heads/master",
+		CommitSHA:     "c2d72f548424103f01ee1dc02889c1e2bff816b0",
+		Event:         "push",
+		TriggerEvent:  "push",
+		Status:        StatusRunning,
+		Started:       timeutil.TimeStampNow(),
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, db.Insert(t.Context(), run))
+
+	job := &ActionRunJob{
+		RunID:     run.ID,
+		RepoID:    run.RepoID,
+		OwnerID:   run.OwnerID,
+		CommitSHA: run.CommitSHA,
+		Name:      name,
+		Attempt:   1,
+		JobID:     name,
+		Status:    StatusRunning,
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, db.Insert(t.Context(), job))
+
+	runner := &ActionRunner{
+		UUID:                 name,
+		Name:                 name,
+		HasCancellingSupport: hasCancellingSupport,
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, db.Insert(t.Context(), runner))
+
+	task := &ActionTask{
+		JobID:     job.ID,
+		Attempt:   1,
+		RunnerID:  runner.ID,
+		Status:    StatusRunning,
+		Started:   timeutil.TimeStampNow(),
+		RepoID:    run.RepoID,
+		OwnerID:   run.OwnerID,
+		CommitSHA: run.CommitSHA,
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, db.Insert(t.Context(), task))
+
+	job.TaskID = task.ID
+	_, err := UpdateRunJob(t.Context(), job, nil, "task_id")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	return task, job
+}
@@ -83,6 +83,11 @@ func BuiltinApplications() map[string]*BuiltinOAuth2Application {
 		DisplayName:  "tea",
 		RedirectURIs: []string{"http://127.0.0.1", "https://127.0.0.1"},
 	}
+	m["b757811a-05c8-4c76-8d74-a5ee3d2073f2"] = &BuiltinOAuth2Application{
+		ConfigName:   "gitea-app",
+		DisplayName:  "Gitea App",
+		RedirectURIs: []string{"com.gitea.app://oauth/callback"},
+	}
 	return m
 }

@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ func updateApprovalWhitelist(ctx context.Context, repo *repo_model.Repository, c
 		return currentWhitelist, nil
 	}

-	prUserIDs, err := access_model.GetUserIDsWithUnitAccess(ctx, repo, perm.AccessModeRead, unit.TypePullRequests)
+	prUserIDs, err := access_model.GetUserIDsWithAnyUnitAccess(ctx, repo, perm.AccessModeRead, unit.TypePullRequests)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"context"

 	"gitea.dev/models/user"
+	"gitea.dev/modules/container"
 	"gitea.dev/modules/git"
 	"gitea.dev/modules/log"
 )
@@ -33,11 +34,18 @@ func BuildAvatarStackData(ctx context.Context, allParticipants []*git.CommitIden
 	ret := &AvatarStackData{
 		Participants: make([]*CommitParticipant, 0, len(allParticipants)),
 	}
+	uniqueUserIDs := make(container.Set[int64])
 	for _, p := range allParticipants {
 		var giteaUser *user.User
 		if emailUserMap != nil {
 			giteaUser = emailUserMap.GetByEmail(p.Email)
 		}
+		if giteaUser != nil {
+			// identities without a Gitea account can only be compared by their git identity
+			if !uniqueUserIDs.Add(giteaUser.ID) {
+				continue
+			}
+		}
 		ret.Participants = append(ret.Participants, &CommitParticipant{GiteaUser: giteaUser, GitIdentity: p})
 	}
 	return ret
@@ -39,8 +39,7 @@ func GetUserCommitsByGitCommits(ctx context.Context, gitCommits []*git.Commit, r
 	emailSet := make(container.Set[string])
 	for _, c := range gitCommits {
 		emailSet.Add(c.Author.Email)
-		emailSet.Add(c.Committer.Email)
-		for _, p := range c.AllParticipantIdentities() {
+		for _, p := range c.AllAuthorIdentities() {
 			emailSet.Add(p.Email)
 		}
 	}
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@ func GetUserCommitsByGitCommits(ctx context.Context, gitCommits []*git.Commit, r
 		uc := &UserCommit{
 			AuthorUser:      emailUserMap.GetByEmail(c.Author.Email), // FIXME: why GetUserCommitsByGitCommits uses "Author", but ParseCommitsWithSignature uses "Committer"?
 			GitCommit:       c,
-			AvatarStackData: BuildAvatarStackData(ctx, c.AllParticipantIdentities(), emailUserMap),
+			AvatarStackData: BuildAvatarStackData(ctx, c.AllAuthorIdentities(), emailUserMap),
 		}
 		uc.AvatarStackData.SearchByEmailLink = searchByEmailLink
 		userCommits = append(userCommits, uc)
@@ -544,6 +544,9 @@ func (c *Comment) GetSanitizedContentHTML() template.HTML {

 // LoadLabel if comment.Type is CommentTypeLabel, then load Label
 func (c *Comment) LoadLabel(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if c.LabelID == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
 	var label Label
 	has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).ID(c.LabelID).Get(&label)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -551,8 +554,8 @@ func (c *Comment) LoadLabel(ctx context.Context) error {
 	} else if has {
 		c.Label = &label
 	} else {
-		// Ignore Label is deleted, but not clear this table
-		log.Warn("Commit %d cannot load label %d", c.ID, c.LabelID)
+		// label was deleted but comment rows referencing it were not cleaned up
+		log.Debug("Comment %d references deleted label %d", c.ID, c.LabelID)
 	}

 	return nil
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ func (comments CommentList) loadLabels(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}

 	for _, comment := range comments {
-		comment.Label = commentLabels[comment.ID]
+		comment.Label = commentLabels[comment.LabelID]
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ func applyRepoConditions(sess db.Session, opts *IssuesOptions) {
 		if opts.RepoCond == nil {
 			opts.RepoCond = builder.NewCond()
 		}
-		opts.RepoCond = opts.RepoCond.Or(builder.In("issue.repo_id", builder.Select("id").From("repository").Where(builder.Eq{"is_private": false})))
+		opts.RepoCond = opts.RepoCond.Or(builder.In("issue.repo_id", builder.Select("id").From("repository").Where(repo_model.PublicRepoUnderPublicOwnerCond())))
 	}
 	if opts.RepoCond != nil {
 		sess.And(opts.RepoCond)
@@ -5,9 +5,11 @@
 package issues

 import (
+	"cmp"
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"math"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -191,6 +193,42 @@ func (l *Label) ExclusiveScope() string {
 	return l.Name[:lastIndex]
 }

+// CompareLabelForDisplay compares labels for displaying them in dropdowns or lists.
+// Labels are grouped by their exclusive scope, and labels within the same scope
+// are sorted by their exclusive order, where unordered labels (order 0) come last.
+// Labels without a scope are listed first and everything else falls back to name order.
+func CompareLabelForDisplay(a, b *Label) int {
+	scopeA, scopeB := a.ExclusiveScope(), b.ExclusiveScope()
+	if scopeA != scopeB {
+		if scopeA == "" {
+			return -1
+		}
+		if scopeB == "" {
+			return 1
+		}
+		return strings.Compare(scopeA, scopeB)
+	}
+	if scopeA != "" {
+		orderA, orderB := a.ExclusiveOrder, b.ExclusiveOrder
+		if orderA <= 0 {
+			orderA = math.MaxInt
+		}
+		if orderB <= 0 {
+			orderB = math.MaxInt
+		}
+		if orderA != orderB {
+			return cmp.Compare(orderA, orderB)
+		}
+	}
+	return strings.Compare(a.Name, b.Name)
+}
+
+// SortLabelsForDisplay sorts labels in place for displaying them in dropdowns or lists,
+// grouping them by their exclusive scope and respecting the exclusive order within each scope.
+func SortLabelsForDisplay(labels []*Label) {
+	slices.SortStableFunc(labels, CompareLabelForDisplay)
+}
+
 // NewLabel creates a new label
 func NewLabel(ctx context.Context, l *Label) error {
 	color, err := label.NormalizeColor(l.Color)
@@ -54,6 +54,47 @@ func TestLabel_ExclusiveScope(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "scope/subscope", label.ExclusiveScope())
 }

+func TestSortLabelsForDisplay(t *testing.T) {
+	labels := []*issues_model.Label{
+		{Name: "priority/low", Exclusive: true, ExclusiveOrder: 4},
+		{Name: "priority/critical", Exclusive: true, ExclusiveOrder: 1},
+		{Name: "priority/medium", Exclusive: true, ExclusiveOrder: 3},
+		{Name: "priority/high", Exclusive: true, ExclusiveOrder: 2},
+		{Name: "bug"},
+		{Name: "enhancement"},
+		{Name: "kind/question", Exclusive: true},
+	}
+	issues_model.SortLabelsForDisplay(labels)
+
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(labels))
+	for _, l := range labels {
+		names = append(names, l.Name)
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{
+		"bug",
+		"enhancement",
+		"kind/question",
+		"priority/critical",
+		"priority/high",
+		"priority/medium",
+		"priority/low",
+	}, names)
+
+	// labels without an exclusive order in the same scope are listed last, ordered by name
+	labels = []*issues_model.Label{
+		{Name: "scope/unordered-b", Exclusive: true},
+		{Name: "scope/ordered", Exclusive: true, ExclusiveOrder: 1},
+		{Name: "scope/unordered-a", Exclusive: true},
+	}
+	issues_model.SortLabelsForDisplay(labels)
+
+	names = names[:0]
+	for _, l := range labels {
+		names = append(names, l.Name)
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"scope/ordered", "scope/unordered-a", "scope/unordered-b"}, names)
+}
+
 func TestNewLabels(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
 	labels := []*issues_model.Label{
@@ -1065,19 +1065,23 @@ func (r *Review) GetCodeCommentsCount(ctx context.Context) int {
 	return int(count)
 }

-// HTMLURL formats a URL-string to the related review issue-comment
+// HashTag returns unique hash tag for review.
+func (r *Review) HashTag() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("pullrequestreview-%d", r.ID)
+}
+
+// HTMLURL formats a URL-string to the review on the pull request page
 func (r *Review) HTMLURL(ctx context.Context) string {
-	opts := FindCommentsOptions{
-		Type:     CommentTypeReview,
-		IssueID:  r.IssueID,
-		ReviewID: r.ID,
+	if r.Type != ReviewTypeApprove && r.Type != ReviewTypeComment && r.Type != ReviewTypeReject {
+		return "" // only submitted reviews get a timeline block carrying the anchor
 	}
-	comment := new(Comment)
-	has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where(opts.ToConds()).Get(comment)
-	if err != nil || !has {
+	if err := r.LoadIssue(ctx); err != nil {
 		return ""
 	}
-	return comment.HTMLURL(ctx)
+	if err := r.Issue.LoadRepo(ctx); err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return r.Issue.HTMLURL(ctx) + "#" + r.HashTag()
 }

 // RemapExternalUser ExternalUserRemappable interface
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	repo_model "gitea.dev/models/repo"
 	"gitea.dev/models/unittest"
 	user_model "gitea.dev/models/user"
+	"gitea.dev/modules/setting"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
@@ -28,6 +29,15 @@ func TestGetReviewByID(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.True(t, issues_model.IsErrReviewNotExist(err), "IsErrReviewNotExist")
 }

+func TestReview_HTMLURL(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+	review := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &issues_model.Review{ID: 1})
+	assert.Equal(t, setting.AppURL+"user2/repo1/pulls/2#pullrequestreview-1", review.HTMLURL(t.Context()))
+
+	pendingReview := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &issues_model.Review{ID: 4})
+	assert.Empty(t, pendingReview.HTMLURL(t.Context()))
+}
+
 func TestReview_LoadAttributes(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
 	review := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &issues_model.Review{ID: 1})
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ func (org *Organization) UnitPermission(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.Us
 		}
 	}

-	if org.Visibility.IsPublic() {
+	if ownerVisibilitySatisfiesDoer(org.AsUser(), doer) {
 		return perm.AccessModeRead
 	}

@@ -445,8 +445,7 @@ func GetUsersWhoCanCreateOrgRepo(ctx context.Context, orgID int64) (map[int64]*u
 		And("team_user.org_id = ?", orgID).Find(&users)
 }

-// HasOrgOrUserVisible tells if the given user can see the given org or user
-func HasOrgOrUserVisible(ctx context.Context, orgOrUser, user *user_model.User) bool {
+func ownerVisibilitySatisfiesDoer(orgOrUser, user *user_model.User) bool {
 	// If user is nil, it's an anonymous user/request.
 	// The Ghost user is handled like an anonymous user.
 	if user == nil || user.IsGhost() {
@@ -461,10 +460,13 @@ func HasOrgOrUserVisible(ctx context.Context, orgOrUser, user *user_model.User)
 		return true
 	}

-	if (orgOrUser.Visibility == structs.VisibleTypePrivate || user.IsRestricted) && !OrgFromUser(orgOrUser).hasMemberWithUserID(ctx, user.ID) {
-		return false
-	}
-	return true
+	return orgOrUser.Visibility != structs.VisibleTypePrivate && !user.IsRestricted
+}
+
+// HasOrgOrUserVisible tells if the given user can see the given org or user
+func HasOrgOrUserVisible(ctx context.Context, owner, doer *user_model.User) bool {
+	return ownerVisibilitySatisfiesDoer(owner, doer) ||
+		(doer != nil && OrgFromUser(owner).HasMemberWithUserID(ctx, doer.ID))
 }

 // HasOrgsVisible tells if the given user can see at least one of the orgs provided
@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ import (

 	"gitea.dev/models/db"
 	"gitea.dev/models/organization"
+	"gitea.dev/models/perm"
 	repo_model "gitea.dev/models/repo"
+	"gitea.dev/models/unit"
 	"gitea.dev/models/unittest"
 	user_model "gitea.dev/models/user"
 	"gitea.dev/modules/setting"
@@ -626,3 +628,10 @@ func TestCreateOrganization4(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.True(t, db.IsErrNameReserved(err))
 	unittest.CheckConsistencyFor(t, &organization.Organization{}, &organization.Team{})
 }
+
+func TestOrAnyRepoUnitPermission(t *testing.T) {
+	defer test.MockVariableValue(&setting.Service.RequireSignInViewStrict, true)()
+	org := organization.Organization{Visibility: structs.VisibleTypeLimited}
+	assert.Equal(t, perm.AccessModeNone, org.UnitPermission(t.Context(), nil, unit.TypeWiki))
+	assert.Equal(t, perm.AccessModeRead, org.UnitPermission(t.Context(), &user_model.User{}, unit.TypeWiki))
+}
@@ -122,6 +122,18 @@ func TestGetActionsUserRepoPermission(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.False(t, perm.CanRead(unit.TypeCode))

+		// Reusable workflows use a separate authorization path and must enforce
+		// the same fork-PR restriction.
+		run := &actions_model.ActionRun{RepoID: repo2.ID, IsForkPullRequest: true}
+		allowed, err := CanReadWorkflowCrossRepo(ctx, repo15, run)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, allowed)
+
+		run.IsForkPullRequest = false
+		allowed, err = CanReadWorkflowCrossRepo(ctx, repo15, run)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, allowed)
+
 		// Restore state for subsequent subtests.
 		task53.IsForkPullRequest = false
 		require.NoError(t, actions_model.UpdateTask(ctx, task53, "is_fork_pull_request"))
@@ -599,8 +599,8 @@ func HasAnyUnitAccess(ctx context.Context, userID int64, repo *repo_model.Reposi
 	return perm.HasAnyUnitAccess(), nil
 }

-func GetUsersWithUnitAccess(ctx context.Context, repo *repo_model.Repository, mode perm_model.AccessMode, unitType unit.Type) (users []*user_model.User, err error) {
-	userIDs, err := GetUserIDsWithUnitAccess(ctx, repo, mode, unitType)
+func GetUsersWithAnyUnitAccess(ctx context.Context, repo *repo_model.Repository, mode perm_model.AccessMode, unitType unit.Type, moreUnitTypes ...unit.Type) (users []*user_model.User, err error) {
+	userIDs, err := GetUserIDsWithAnyUnitAccess(ctx, repo, mode, unitType, moreUnitTypes...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ func GetUsersWithUnitAccess(ctx context.Context, repo *repo_model.Repository, mo
 	return users, nil
 }

-func GetUserIDsWithUnitAccess(ctx context.Context, repo *repo_model.Repository, mode perm_model.AccessMode, unitType unit.Type) (container.Set[int64], error) {
+func GetUserIDsWithAnyUnitAccess(ctx context.Context, repo *repo_model.Repository, mode perm_model.AccessMode, unitType unit.Type, moreUnitTypes ...unit.Type) (container.Set[int64], error) {
 	userIDs := container.Set[int64]{}
 	e := db.GetEngine(ctx)
 	accesses := make([]*Access, 0, 10)
@@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ func GetUserIDsWithUnitAccess(ctx context.Context, repo *repo_model.Repository,
 	if !repo.Owner.IsOrganization() {
 		userIDs.Add(repo.Owner.ID)
 	} else {
-		teamUserIDs, err := organization.GetTeamUserIDsWithAccessToAnyRepoUnit(ctx, repo.OwnerID, repo.ID, mode, unitType)
+		teamUserIDs, err := organization.GetTeamUserIDsWithAccessToAnyRepoUnit(ctx, repo.OwnerID, repo.ID, mode, unitType, moreUnitTypes...)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ func CanReadWorkflowCrossRepo(ctx context.Context, targetRepo *repo_model.Reposi
 	// logs in a publicly visible run; requiring a private caller keeps private content flowing private -> private.
 	// This is intentionally stricter than GitHub, which gates on the target repo's access setting (introduced in #32562):
 	// https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/managing-your-repositorys-settings-and-features/enabling-features-for-your-repository/managing-github-actions-settings-for-a-repository#allowing-access-to-components-in-a-private-repository
-	if run.Repo.IsPrivate {
+	if run.Repo.IsPrivate && !run.IsForkPullRequest {
 		if actionsUnit, err := targetRepo.GetUnit(ctx, unit.TypeActions); err == nil {
 			if actionsUnit.ActionsConfig().IsCollaborativeOwner(run.Repo.OwnerID) {
 				return true, nil
@@ -226,12 +226,12 @@ func testGetIndividualUserRepoPermission(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, perm_model.AccessModeNone, perm.unitsMode[unit.TypeCode])
 		assert.Equal(t, perm_model.AccessModeRead, perm.unitsMode[unit.TypeIssues])

-		users, err := GetUsersWithUnitAccess(ctx, repo3, perm_model.AccessModeRead, unit.TypeIssues)
+		users, err := GetUsersWithAnyUnitAccess(ctx, repo3, perm_model.AccessModeRead, unit.TypeIssues)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.Len(t, users, 1)
 		assert.Equal(t, user.ID, users[0].ID)

-		users, err = GetUsersWithUnitAccess(ctx, repo3, perm_model.AccessModeWrite, unit.TypeIssues)
+		users, err = GetUsersWithAnyUnitAccess(ctx, repo3, perm_model.AccessModeWrite, unit.TypeIssues)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.Empty(t, users)
 	})
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ func testGetIndividualUserRepoPermission(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, perm_model.AccessModeWrite, perm.unitsMode[unit.TypeCode])
 		assert.Equal(t, perm_model.AccessModeWrite, perm.unitsMode[unit.TypeIssues])

-		users, err := GetUsersWithUnitAccess(ctx, repo3, perm_model.AccessModeWrite, unit.TypeIssues)
+		users, err := GetUsersWithAnyUnitAccess(ctx, repo3, perm_model.AccessModeWrite, unit.TypeIssues)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.Len(t, users, 1)
 		assert.Equal(t, user.ID, users[0].ID)
@@ -7,41 +7,45 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"io"

+	repo_model "gitea.dev/models/repo"
 	"gitea.dev/modules/git"
 	"gitea.dev/modules/gitrepo"
 	"gitea.dev/modules/log"
 )

 type commitChecker struct {
-	ctx           context.Context
-	commitCache   map[string]bool
-	gitRepoFacade gitrepo.Repository
+	ctx          context.Context
+	commitCache  map[string]bool
+	repoOptional *repo_model.Repository

 	gitRepo       *git.Repository
 	gitRepoCloser io.Closer
 }

-func newCommitChecker(ctx context.Context, gitRepo gitrepo.Repository) *commitChecker {
-	return &commitChecker{ctx: ctx, commitCache: make(map[string]bool), gitRepoFacade: gitRepo}
+func newCommitChecker(ctx context.Context, repo *repo_model.Repository) *commitChecker {
+	return &commitChecker{ctx: ctx, commitCache: make(map[string]bool), repoOptional: repo}
 }

 func (c *commitChecker) Close() error {
-	if c != nil && c.gitRepoCloser != nil {
+	if c.gitRepoCloser != nil {
 		return c.gitRepoCloser.Close()
 	}
 	return nil
 }

 func (c *commitChecker) IsCommitIDExisting(commitID string) bool {
+	if c.repoOptional == nil {
+		return false
+	}
 	exist, inCache := c.commitCache[commitID]
 	if inCache {
 		return exist
 	}

 	if c.gitRepo == nil {
-		r, closer, err := gitrepo.RepositoryFromContextOrOpen(c.ctx, c.gitRepoFacade)
+		r, closer, err := gitrepo.RepositoryFromContextOrOpen(c.ctx, c.repoOptional)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Error("unable to open repository: %s Error: %v", gitrepo.RepoGitURL(c.gitRepoFacade), err)
+			log.Error("unable to open repository: %s Error: %v", gitrepo.RepoGitURL(c.repoOptional), err)
 			return false
 		}
 		c.gitRepo, c.gitRepoCloser = r, closer
@@ -51,10 +51,10 @@ func NewRenderContextRepoComment(ctx context.Context, repo *repo_model.Repositor
 	helper := &RepoComment{opts: util.OptionalArg(opts)}
 	rctx := markup.NewRenderContext(ctx)
 	helper.ctx = rctx
+	helper.commitChecker = newCommitChecker(ctx, repo)
 	var metas map[string]string
 	if repo != nil {
 		helper.repoLink = repo.Link()
-		helper.commitChecker = newCommitChecker(ctx, repo)
 		metas = repo.ComposeCommentMetas(ctx)
 	} else {
 		// repo can be nil when rendering a commit message in user's dashboard feedback whose repository has been deleted
@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ func (r *RepoFile) ResolveLink(link, preferLinkType string) (finalLink string) {
 	case markup.LinkTypeRoot:
 		finalLink = r.ctx.ResolveLinkRoot(link)
 	case markup.LinkTypeRaw:
-		finalLink = r.ctx.ResolveLinkRelative(path.Join(r.repoLink, "raw", r.opts.CurrentRefSubURL), r.opts.CurrentTreePath, link)
+		finalLink = r.ctx.ResolveLinkRelative(path.Join(r.repoLink, "raw", r.opts.CurrentRefSubURL), util.PathEscapeSegments(r.opts.CurrentTreePath), link)
 	case markup.LinkTypeMedia:
-		finalLink = r.ctx.ResolveLinkRelative(path.Join(r.repoLink, "media", r.opts.CurrentRefSubURL), r.opts.CurrentTreePath, link)
+		finalLink = r.ctx.ResolveLinkRelative(path.Join(r.repoLink, "media", r.opts.CurrentRefSubURL), util.PathEscapeSegments(r.opts.CurrentTreePath), link)
 	default:
-		finalLink = r.ctx.ResolveLinkRelative(path.Join(r.repoLink, "src", r.opts.CurrentRefSubURL), r.opts.CurrentTreePath, link)
+		finalLink = r.ctx.ResolveLinkRelative(path.Join(r.repoLink, "src", r.opts.CurrentRefSubURL), util.PathEscapeSegments(r.opts.CurrentTreePath), link)
 	}
 	return finalLink
 }
@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ func NewRenderContextRepoFile(ctx context.Context, repo *repo_model.Repository,
 	helper := &RepoFile{opts: util.OptionalArg(opts)}
 	rctx := markup.NewRenderContext(ctx)
 	helper.ctx = rctx
+	helper.commitChecker = newCommitChecker(ctx, repo)
 	if repo != nil {
 		helper.repoLink = repo.Link()
-		helper.commitChecker = newCommitChecker(ctx, repo)
 		rctx = rctx.WithMetas(repo.ComposeRepoFileMetas(ctx))
 	} else {
 		// this is almost dead code, only to pass the incorrect tests
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ func TestRepoFile(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("WithCurrentRefSubURLByTag", func(t *testing.T) {
 		rctx := NewRenderContextRepoFile(t.Context(), repo1, RepoFileOptions{
 			CurrentRefSubURL: "/commit/1234",
-			CurrentTreePath:  "my-dir",
+			CurrentTreePath:  "my dir",
 		}).
 			WithMarkupType(markdown.MarkupName)
 		rendered, err := testRenderString(rctx, `
@@ -76,8 +76,8 @@ func TestRepoFile(t *testing.T) {
 <video src="LINK">
 `)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, `<a href="/user2/repo1/src/commit/1234/my-dir/LINK" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"><img src="/user2/repo1/media/commit/1234/my-dir/LINK"/></a>
-<video src="/user2/repo1/media/commit/1234/my-dir/LINK">
+		assert.Equal(t, `<a href="/user2/repo1/src/commit/1234/my%20dir/LINK" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"><img src="/user2/repo1/media/commit/1234/my%20dir/LINK"/></a>
+<video src="/user2/repo1/media/commit/1234/my%20dir/LINK">
 </video>`, rendered)
 	})
 }
@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ func TestRepoFileOrgMode(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("Links", func(t *testing.T) {
 		rctx := NewRenderContextRepoFile(t.Context(), repo1, RepoFileOptions{
 			CurrentRefSubURL: "/commit/1234",
-			CurrentTreePath:  "my-dir",
-		}).WithRelativePath("my-dir/a.org")
+			CurrentTreePath:  "my dir",
+		}).WithRelativePath("my dir/a.org")

 		rendered, err := testRenderString(rctx, `
 [[https://google.com/]]
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ func TestRepoFileOrgMode(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, `<p>
 <a href="https://google.com/" rel="nofollow">https://google.com/</a>
-<a href="/user2/repo1/src/commit/1234/my-dir/ImageLink.svg" rel="nofollow">The Image Desc</a></p>
+<a href="/user2/repo1/src/commit/1234/my%20dir/ImageLink.svg" rel="nofollow">The Image Desc</a></p>
 `, rendered)
 	})

@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ func (r *RepoWiki) ResolveLink(link, preferLinkType string) (finalLink string) {
 	case markup.LinkTypeRoot:
 		finalLink = r.ctx.ResolveLinkRoot(link)
 	case markup.LinkTypeMedia, markup.LinkTypeRaw:
-		finalLink = r.ctx.ResolveLinkRelative(path.Join(r.repoLink, "wiki/raw", r.opts.currentRefSubURL), r.opts.currentTreePath, link)
+		finalLink = r.ctx.ResolveLinkRelative(path.Join(r.repoLink, "wiki/raw", r.opts.currentRefSubURL), util.PathEscapeSegments(r.opts.currentTreePath), link)
 	default:
-		finalLink = r.ctx.ResolveLinkRelative(path.Join(r.repoLink, "wiki", r.opts.currentRefSubURL), r.opts.currentTreePath, link)
+		finalLink = r.ctx.ResolveLinkRelative(path.Join(r.repoLink, "wiki", r.opts.currentRefSubURL), util.PathEscapeSegments(r.opts.currentTreePath), link)
 	}
 	return finalLink
 }
@@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ type RepoWikiOptions struct {
 func NewRenderContextRepoWiki(ctx context.Context, repo *repo_model.Repository, opts ...RepoWikiOptions) *markup.RenderContext {
 	helper := &RepoWiki{opts: util.OptionalArg(opts)}
 	rctx := markup.NewRenderContext(ctx).WithMarkupType(markdown.MarkupName)
+	helper.commitChecker = newCommitChecker(ctx, repo)
 	if repo != nil {
 		helper.repoLink = repo.Link()
-		helper.commitChecker = newCommitChecker(ctx, repo)
 		rctx = rctx.WithMetas(repo.ComposeWikiMetas(ctx))
 	} else {
 		// this is almost dead code, only to pass the incorrect tests
@@ -50,14 +50,16 @@ func TestRepoWiki(t *testing.T) {
 	})

 	t.Run("PathInTag", func(t *testing.T) {
-		rctx := NewRenderContextRepoWiki(t.Context(), repo1).WithMarkupType(markdown.MarkupName)
+		rctx := NewRenderContextRepoWiki(t.Context(), repo1, RepoWikiOptions{
+			currentTreePath: "my dir",
+		}).WithMarkupType(markdown.MarkupName)
 		rendered, err := testRenderString(rctx, `
 <img src="LINK">
 <video src="LINK">
 `)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, `<a href="/user2/repo1/wiki/LINK" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"><img src="/user2/repo1/wiki/raw/LINK"/></a>
-<video src="/user2/repo1/wiki/raw/LINK">
+		assert.Equal(t, `<a href="/user2/repo1/wiki/my%20dir/LINK" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"><img src="/user2/repo1/wiki/raw/my%20dir/LINK"/></a>
+<video src="/user2/repo1/wiki/raw/my%20dir/LINK">
 </video>`, rendered)
 	})
 }
@@ -111,39 +111,6 @@ func IsCollaborator(ctx context.Context, repoID, userID int64) (bool, error) {
 	return db.Exist[Collaboration](ctx, builder.Eq{"repo_id": repoID, "user_id": userID})
 }

-// ChangeCollaborationAccessMode sets new access mode for the collaboration.
-func ChangeCollaborationAccessMode(ctx context.Context, repo *Repository, uid int64, mode perm.AccessMode) error {
-	// Discard invalid input
-	if mode <= perm.AccessModeNone || mode > perm.AccessModeOwner {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	return db.WithTx(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		collaboration, has, err := db.Get[Collaboration](ctx, builder.Eq{"repo_id": repo.ID, "user_id": uid})
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("get collaboration: %w", err)
-		} else if !has {
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		if collaboration.Mode == mode {
-			return nil
-		}
-		collaboration.Mode = mode
-
-		if _, err = db.GetEngine(ctx).
-			ID(collaboration.ID).
-			Cols("mode").
-			Update(collaboration); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("update collaboration: %w", err)
-		} else if _, err = db.Exec(ctx, "UPDATE access SET mode = ? WHERE user_id = ? AND repo_id = ?", mode, uid, repo.ID); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("update access table: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	})
-}
-
 // IsOwnerMemberCollaborator checks if a provided user is the owner, a collaborator or a member of a team in a repository
 func IsOwnerMemberCollaborator(ctx context.Context, repo *Repository, userID int64) (bool, error) {
 	if repo.OwnerID == userID {
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	"gitea.dev/models/db"
-	"gitea.dev/models/perm"
-	access_model "gitea.dev/models/perm/access"
 	repo_model "gitea.dev/models/repo"
 	"gitea.dev/models/unittest"

@@ -69,28 +67,6 @@ func TestRepository_IsCollaborator(t *testing.T) {
 	test(4, 4, true)
 }

-func TestRepository_ChangeCollaborationAccessMode(t *testing.T) {
-	assert.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
-
-	repo := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &repo_model.Repository{ID: 4})
-	assert.NoError(t, repo_model.ChangeCollaborationAccessMode(t.Context(), repo, 4, perm.AccessModeAdmin))
-
-	collaboration := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &repo_model.Collaboration{RepoID: repo.ID, UserID: 4})
-	assert.Equal(t, perm.AccessModeAdmin, collaboration.Mode)
-
-	access := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &access_model.Access{UserID: 4, RepoID: repo.ID})
-	assert.Equal(t, perm.AccessModeAdmin, access.Mode)
-
-	assert.NoError(t, repo_model.ChangeCollaborationAccessMode(t.Context(), repo, 4, perm.AccessModeAdmin))
-
-	assert.NoError(t, repo_model.ChangeCollaborationAccessMode(t.Context(), repo, unittest.NonexistentID, perm.AccessModeAdmin))
-
-	// Discard invalid input.
-	assert.NoError(t, repo_model.ChangeCollaborationAccessMode(t.Context(), repo, 4, perm.AccessMode(-1)))
-
-	unittest.CheckConsistencyFor(t, &repo_model.Repository{ID: repo.ID})
-}
-
 func TestRepository_IsOwnerMemberCollaborator(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())

@@ -655,14 +655,12 @@ func SearchRepositoryIDsByCondition(ctx context.Context, cond builder.Cond) ([]i
 		Find(&repoIDs)
 }

-func userAllPublicRepoCond(cond builder.Cond, orgVisibilityLimit []structs.VisibleType) builder.Cond {
+func userAllPublicRepoCond(cond builder.Cond, ownerVisibilityLimit []structs.VisibleType) builder.Cond {
 	return cond.Or(builder.And(
 		builder.Eq{"`repository`.is_private": false},
-		// Aren't in a private organisation or limited organisation if we're not logged in
+		// Exclude owners who are not visible to the caller.
 		builder.NotIn("`repository`.owner_id", builder.Select("id").From("`user`").Where(
-			builder.And(
-				builder.Eq{"type": user_model.UserTypeOrganization},
-				builder.In("visibility", orgVisibilityLimit)),
+			builder.In("visibility", ownerVisibilityLimit),
 		))))
 }

@@ -771,6 +769,15 @@ func PublicRepoUnderPublicOwnerCond() builder.Cond {
 	)
 }

+// NotPublicRepoUnderPublicOwnerCond complements PublicRepoUnderPublicOwnerCond. Spelled positively so
+// the owner subquery hashes the limited/private minority, not every public user.
+func NotPublicRepoUnderPublicOwnerCond() builder.Cond {
+	return builder.Or(
+		builder.Eq{"`repository`.is_private": true},
+		builder.In("`repository`.owner_id", builder.Select("id").From("`user`").Where(builder.Neq{"visibility": structs.VisibleTypePublic})),
+	)
+}
+
 // UserActionsAccessibleOwnerRepoCond selects the repos owned by ownerID whose Actions `user` may read.
 // It is used to list an org/user's Actions runs and jobs (see the callers in routers/api/v1/shared).
 //   - owner_id = ownerID: only that owner's repos.
@@ -271,6 +271,23 @@ func testSearchRepositoryRestricted(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }

+func TestSearchRepositoryExcludesHiddenIndividualOwners(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+
+	hiddenOwner := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &user_model.User{ID: 2})
+	require.NoError(t, user_model.UpdateUserCols(t.Context(), &user_model.User{
+		ID:         hiddenOwner.ID,
+		Visibility: structs.VisibleTypePrivate,
+	}, "visibility"))
+
+	repos, _, err := repo_model.SearchRepositoryByName(t.Context(), repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{
+		ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 100},
+		Keyword:     "repo1",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotContains(t, repoIDs(repos), int64(1))
+}
+
 func testSearchRepositoryPrivate(t *testing.T) {
 	// test search private repository on explore page
 	repos, count, err := repo_model.SearchRepositoryByName(t.Context(), repo_model.SearchRepoOptions{
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package jobparser
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/model"
+	"go.yaml.in/yaml/v4"
+)
+
+// maxExpandedNodes bounds how many nodes alias expansion may create. go-yaml's own alias guard does
+// not cover us: it only counts while decoding into values, and a workflow is kept as raw yaml.Nodes.
+const maxExpandedNodes = 50000
+
+var errTooManyYamlNodes = errors.New("maximum YAML nodes exceeded")
+
+// ReadWorkflow decodes a workflow file with its aliases expanded. Callers inspect the workflow's
+// raw nodes by kind, and an alias is a kind none of them expect.
+func ReadWorkflow(content []byte) (*model.Workflow, error) {
+	doc, err := resolveYamlAliases(content)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return readWorkflowDoc(doc)
+}
+
+func readWorkflowDoc(doc *yaml.Node) (*model.Workflow, error) {
+	if doc.Kind == 0 {
+		return nil, io.EOF // what a yaml decoder reports for an empty file
+	}
+	w := new(model.Workflow)
+	return w, doc.Decode(w)
+}
+
+// decodeResolved is yaml.Unmarshal with aliases expanded first.
+func decodeResolved(content []byte, out any) error {
+	doc, err := resolveYamlAliases(content)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return decodeYamlDoc(doc, out)
+}
+
+func decodeYamlDoc(doc *yaml.Node, out any) error {
+	if doc.Kind == 0 {
+		return nil // an empty document, as yaml.Unmarshal treats it
+	}
+	return doc.Decode(out)
+}
+
+// resolveYamlAliases parses content and replaces every alias with a copy of the node its anchor names.
+func resolveYamlAliases(content []byte) (*yaml.Node, error) {
+	doc := &yaml.Node{}
+	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(content, doc); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	budget := maxExpandedNodes
+	return doc, expandAliases(doc, &budget)
+}
+
+// expandAliases replaces node's alias descendants in place.
+func expandAliases(node *yaml.Node, budget *int) error {
+	node.Anchor = "" // a name for a node, not part of the workflow: keep it out of the payloads
+	if err := rejectMergeKeys(node); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for i, child := range node.Content {
+		if child.Kind != yaml.AliasNode {
+			if err := expandAliases(child, budget); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		copied, err := copyExpanded(child.Alias, budget)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		node.Content[i] = copied
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// copyExpanded deep copies a node expandAliases already expanded and validated, since an anchor is
+// declared before the alias naming it. An anchor aliased from inside itself is the exception, and
+// recurses here until it exhausts budget.
+func copyExpanded(node *yaml.Node, budget *int) (*yaml.Node, error) {
+	if *budget--; *budget < 0 {
+		return nil, errTooManyYamlNodes
+	}
+	if node.Kind == yaml.AliasNode {
+		return copyExpanded(node.Alias, budget)
+	}
+
+	copied := *node
+	copied.Content = make([]*yaml.Node, len(node.Content))
+	for i, child := range node.Content {
+		child, err := copyExpanded(child, budget)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		copied.Content[i] = child
+	}
+	return &copied, nil
+}
+
+// rejectMergeKeys refuses `<<: *anchor`, same as GitHub does
+func rejectMergeKeys(node *yaml.Node) error {
+	if node.Kind != yaml.MappingNode {
+		return nil
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < len(node.Content)-1; i += 2 {
+		if node.Content[i].Tag == "!!merge" {
+			return errors.New("merge keys (`<<`) are not supported, alias the whole value instead")
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package jobparser
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestParseResolvesAliases(t *testing.T) {
+	got, err := Parse([]byte(`on: push
+env: &common_env
+  SHARED: "1"
+jobs:
+  a:
+    runs-on: linux
+    env: *common_env
+    steps: &common_steps [{run: echo hi}]
+  b:
+    runs-on: linux
+    env: *common_env
+    steps: *common_steps
+`))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, got, 2)
+
+	for _, workflow := range got {
+		_, job := workflow.Job()
+		var env map[string]string
+		require.NoError(t, job.Env.Decode(&env))
+		assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{"SHARED": "1"}, env)
+		require.Len(t, job.Steps, 1)
+
+		payload, err := workflow.Marshal()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NotContains(t, string(payload), "common_")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseRejectsAliases(t *testing.T) {
+	job := func(body string) []byte {
+		return []byte("on: push\njobs:\n  a:\n    runs-on: linux\n" + body)
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		name, wantErr string
+		content       []byte
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "nested aliases exceed the node limit",
+			content: []byte(`on: push
+x0: &x0 [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
+x1: &x1 [*x0, *x0, *x0, *x0, *x0, *x0, *x0, *x0, *x0]
+x2: &x2 [*x1, *x1, *x1, *x1, *x1, *x1, *x1, *x1, *x1]
+x3: &x3 [*x2, *x2, *x2, *x2, *x2, *x2, *x2, *x2, *x2]
+x4: &x4 [*x3, *x3, *x3, *x3, *x3, *x3, *x3, *x3, *x3]
+jobs: {a: {runs-on: linux, steps: [{run: echo}]}}
+`),
+			wantErr: "maximum YAML nodes exceeded",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "anchor aliased from inside itself",
+			content: job("    steps: &s [{run: echo}, *s]\n"),
+			wantErr: "maximum YAML nodes exceeded",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "merge key",
+			content: job("    env: &e {X: \"1\"}\n    container:\n      image: alpine\n      env:\n        <<: *e\n"),
+			wantErr: "merge keys (`<<`) are not supported",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "alias before its anchor",
+			content: job("    env: *e\n    container: {image: alpine, env: &e {X: \"1\"}}\n"),
+			wantErr: "unknown anchor 'e' referenced",
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, err := Parse(tt.content)
+			require.ErrorContains(t, err, tt.wantErr)
+		})
+	}
+}
@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@ package jobparser
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"reflect"
 	"regexp"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"

 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/exprparser"
@@ -23,12 +26,6 @@ func NewExpressionEvaluator(interpreter exprparser.Interpreter) *ExpressionEvalu
 	return &ExpressionEvaluator{interpreter: interpreter}
 }

-func (ee ExpressionEvaluator) evaluate(in string, defaultStatusCheck exprparser.DefaultStatusCheck) (any, error) {
-	evaluated, err := ee.interpreter.Evaluate(in, defaultStatusCheck)
-
-	return evaluated, err
-}
-
 func (ee ExpressionEvaluator) evaluateScalarYamlNode(node *yaml.Node) error {
 	var in string
 	if err := node.Decode(&in); err != nil {
@@ -37,17 +34,17 @@ func (ee ExpressionEvaluator) evaluateScalarYamlNode(node *yaml.Node) error {
 	if !strings.Contains(in, "${{") || !strings.Contains(in, "}}") {
 		return nil
 	}
-	expr, _ := rewriteSubExpression(in, false)
-	res, err := ee.evaluate(expr, exprparser.DefaultStatusCheckNone)
+	res, err := ee.evaluateScalar(in)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	return node.Encode(res)
 }

+// GitHub has this undocumented feature to merge maps, called insert directive
+var insertDirective = regexp.MustCompile(`\${{\s*insert\s*}}`)
+
 func (ee ExpressionEvaluator) evaluateMappingYamlNode(node *yaml.Node) error {
-	// GitHub has this undocumented feature to merge maps, called insert directive
-	insertDirective := regexp.MustCompile(`\${{\s*insert\s*}}`)
 	for i := 0; i < len(node.Content)/2; {
 		k := node.Content[i*2]
 		v := node.Content[i*2+1]
@@ -102,88 +99,170 @@ func (ee ExpressionEvaluator) EvaluateYamlNode(node *yaml.Node) error {
 	}
 }

-func (ee ExpressionEvaluator) Interpolate(in string) string {
-	if !strings.Contains(in, "${{") || !strings.Contains(in, "}}") {
-		return in
-	}
-
-	expr, _ := rewriteSubExpression(in, true)
-	evaluated, err := ee.evaluate(expr, exprparser.DefaultStatusCheckNone)
+// interpolate evaluates every part on its own, so a malformed one cannot restructure its neighbours
+func (ee ExpressionEvaluator) interpolate(in string) (string, error) {
+	parts, err := splitSubExpressions(in)
 	if err != nil {
-		return ""
+		return "", err
 	}
-
-	value, ok := evaluated.(string)
-	if !ok {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Expression %s did not evaluate to a string", expr))
-	}
-
-	return value
-}
-
-func escapeFormatString(in string) string {
-	return strings.ReplaceAll(strings.ReplaceAll(in, "{", "{{"), "}", "}}")
-}
-
-func rewriteSubExpression(in string, forceFormat bool) (string, error) {
-	if !strings.Contains(in, "${{") || !strings.Contains(in, "}}") {
+	if len(parts) == 1 && !parts[0].isExpr {
 		return in, nil
 	}
+	var out strings.Builder
+	out.Grow(len(in))
+	for _, part := range parts {
+		if !part.isExpr {
+			out.WriteString(part.text)
+			continue
+		}
+		evaluated, err := ee.interpreter.Evaluate(part.text, exprparser.DefaultStatusCheckNone)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		out.WriteString(coerceToString(evaluated))
+	}
+	return out.String(), nil
+}

-	strPattern := regexp.MustCompile("(?:''|[^'])*'")
-	pos := 0
-	exprStart := -1
-	strStart := -1
-	var results []string
-	var formatOut strings.Builder
-	for pos < len(in) {
-		if strStart > -1 {
-			matches := strPattern.FindStringIndex(in[pos:])
-			if matches == nil {
-				return "", errors.New("unclosed string")
-			}
+// evaluateScalar keeps the type of a lone expression, so `${{ fromJSON('[1,2]') }}` stays an array
+func (ee ExpressionEvaluator) evaluateScalar(in string) (any, error) {
+	parts, err := splitSubExpressions(in)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(parts) == 1 && parts[0].isExpr {
+		return ee.interpreter.Evaluate(parts[0].text, exprparser.DefaultStatusCheckNone)
+	}
+	return ee.interpolate(in)
+}

-			strStart = -1
-			pos += matches[1]
-		} else if exprStart > -1 {
-			exprEnd := strings.Index(in[pos:], "}}")
-			strStart = strings.Index(in[pos:], "'")
+// evaluateCondition evaluates an `if:`, an expression even without `${{ }}`. Mixed content
+// interpolates to a string, so the success() default applies to it separately.
+func (ee ExpressionEvaluator) evaluateCondition(in string) (bool, error) {
+	parts, err := splitSubExpressions(in)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	if len(parts) == 1 {
+		evaluated, err := ee.interpreter.Evaluate(parts[0].text, exprparser.DefaultStatusCheckSuccess)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+		return exprparser.IsTruthy(evaluated), nil
+	}

-			if exprEnd > -1 && strStart > -1 {
-				if exprEnd < strStart {
-					strStart = -1
-				} else {
-					exprEnd = -1
-				}
-			}
-
-			if exprEnd > -1 {
-				fmt.Fprintf(&formatOut, "{%d}", len(results))
-				results = append(results, strings.TrimSpace(in[exprStart:pos+exprEnd]))
-				pos += exprEnd + 2
-				exprStart = -1
-			} else if strStart > -1 {
-				pos += strStart + 1
-			} else {
-				panic("unclosed expression.")
-			}
-		} else {
-			exprStart = strings.Index(in[pos:], "${{")
-			if exprStart != -1 {
-				formatOut.WriteString(escapeFormatString(in[pos : pos+exprStart]))
-				exprStart = pos + exprStart + 3
-				pos = exprStart
-			} else {
-				formatOut.WriteString(escapeFormatString(in[pos:]))
-				pos = len(in)
-			}
+	// mixed content is a string, so the success() default applies to it separately
+	if !expressionCallsFunction(in, "success", "always", "failure", "cancelled") {
+		status, err := ee.interpreter.Evaluate("success()", exprparser.DefaultStatusCheckNone)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+		if !exprparser.IsTruthy(status) {
+			return false, nil
 		}
 	}
+	interpolated, err := ee.interpolate(in)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return exprparser.IsTruthy(interpolated), nil
+}

-	if len(results) == 1 && formatOut.String() == "{0}" && !forceFormat {
-		return in, nil
+// coerceToString converts an evaluated expression value to a string the way GitHub does,
+// see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/reference/workflows-and-actions/expressions#operators
+// An already reflected value is accepted as-is, since Interface() would panic on an invalid one.
+func coerceToString(v any) string {
+	value, ok := v.(reflect.Value)
+	if !ok {
+		value = reflect.ValueOf(v)
 	}

-	out := fmt.Sprintf("format('%s', %s)", strings.ReplaceAll(formatOut.String(), "'", "''"), strings.Join(results, ", "))
-	return out, nil
+	switch value.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Invalid:
+		return ""
+
+	case reflect.Bool:
+		return strconv.FormatBool(value.Bool())
+
+	case reflect.String:
+		return value.String()
+
+	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+		return strconv.FormatInt(value.Int(), 10)
+
+	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+		return strconv.FormatUint(value.Uint(), 10)
+
+	case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
+		if math.IsInf(value.Float(), 1) {
+			return "Infinity"
+		} else if math.IsInf(value.Float(), -1) {
+			return "-Infinity"
+		}
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%.15G", value.Float())
+
+	case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
+		return "Array"
+
+	// contexts such as `github` are pointers to structs, so they stringify as objects too
+	case reflect.Map, reflect.Struct:
+		return "Object"
+
+	case reflect.Interface, reflect.Pointer:
+		if value.IsNil() {
+			return ""
+		}
+		return coerceToString(value.Elem())
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%v", value)
+}
+
+type exprPart struct {
+	text   string
+	isExpr bool
+}
+
+// splitSubExpressions splits in the way GitHub's template reader does, leaving a value without a
+// complete expression literal.
+func splitSubExpressions(in string) ([]exprPart, error) {
+	if !strings.Contains(in, "${{") || !strings.Contains(in, "}}") {
+		return []exprPart{{text: in}}, nil
+	}
+
+	parts := make([]exprPart, 0, 2*strings.Count(in, "${{")+1)
+	for {
+		start := strings.Index(in, "${{")
+		if start < 0 {
+			if in != "" {
+				parts = append(parts, exprPart{text: in})
+			}
+			return parts, nil
+		}
+		if start > 0 {
+			parts = append(parts, exprPart{text: in[:start]})
+		}
+		rest := in[start+len("${{"):]
+		end := indexExprEnd(rest)
+		if end < 0 {
+			return nil, errors.New("unclosed expression")
+		}
+		parts = append(parts, exprPart{text: strings.TrimSpace(rest[:end]), isExpr: true})
+		in = rest[end+len("}}"):]
+	}
+}
+
+// indexExprEnd returns the offset of the `}}` ending an expression, or -1. A quote toggles string
+// state, so a `}}` inside a string does not end it.
+func indexExprEnd(in string) int {
+	inString := false
+	for i := range len(in) {
+		switch {
+		case in[i] == '\'':
+			inString = !inString
+		case !inString && in[i] == '}' && i+1 < len(in) && in[i+1] == '}':
+			return i
+		}
+	}
+	return -1
 }
@@ -57,9 +57,14 @@ func NewInterpeter(
 	}

 	ee := &exprparser.EvaluationEnvironment{
-		Github:   gitCtx,
-		Env:      nil, // no need
-		Job:      nil, // no need
+		Github: gitCtx,
+		Env:    nil, // no need
+		// Job must be non-nil because cancelled() dereferences Job.Status unconditionally.
+		// See: https://gitea.com/gitea/runner/src/commit/ad967330a8788c9b8ab723abbc1a86d53c3bc5e6/act/exprparser/functions.go#L299
+		// TODO: The empty JobContext.Status is right for now because Gitea never checks `if` condition when the workflow run is cancelled.
+		// This is an implementation gap in Gitea Actions. When a workflow run is cancelled, Gitea should check the job's `if` condition,
+		// and if the condition is met (e.g. `if: ${{ cancelled() }}` ), the job should be executed rather than cancelled.
+		Job:      &model.JobContext{},
 		Steps:    nil, // no need
 		Runner:   nil, // no need
 		Secrets:  nil, // no need
@@ -4,25 +4,33 @@
 package jobparser

 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
+	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"

 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/exprparser"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/model"
+	"github.com/rhysd/actionlint"
 	"go.yaml.in/yaml/v4"
 )

 func Parse(content []byte, options ...ParseOption) ([]*SingleWorkflow, error) {
-	origin, err := model.ReadWorkflow(bytes.NewReader(content))
+	// The workflow is split into one document per job below, which would strand an alias whose
+	// anchor lands in another one.
+	doc, err := resolveYamlAliases(content)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("model.ReadWorkflow: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("resolve aliases: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	origin, err := readWorkflowDoc(doc)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read workflow: %w", err)
 	}

 	workflow := &SingleWorkflow{}
-	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(content, workflow); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("yaml.Unmarshal: %w", err)
+	if err := decodeYamlDoc(doc, workflow); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode workflow: %w", err)
 	}

 	pc := &parseContext{}
@@ -48,7 +56,9 @@ func Parse(content []byte, options ...ParseOption) ([]*SingleWorkflow, error) {
 	}

 	evaluator := NewExpressionEvaluator(exprparser.NewInterpeter(&exprparser.EvaluationEnvironment{Github: pc.gitContext, Vars: pc.vars, Inputs: pc.inputs}, exprparser.Config{}))
-	workflow.RunName = evaluator.Interpolate(workflow.RunName)
+	if workflow.RunName, err = evaluator.interpolate(workflow.RunName); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("interpolate run-name: %w", err)
+	}

 	for i, id := range ids {
 		job := jobs[i]
@@ -63,10 +73,14 @@ func Parse(content []byte, options ...ParseOption) ([]*SingleWorkflow, error) {
 			}
 			job.Strategy.RawMatrix = encodeMatrix(matrix)
 			evaluator := NewExpressionEvaluator(NewInterpeter(id, origin.GetJob(id), matrix, pc.gitContext, results, pc.vars, pc.inputs))
-			job.Name = nameWithMatrix(job.Name, matrix, evaluator)
+			if job.Name, err = nameWithMatrix(job.Name, matrix, evaluator); err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("interpolate name for job %q: %w", id, err)
+			}
 			runsOn := origin.GetJob(id).RunsOn()
 			for i, v := range runsOn {
-				runsOn[i] = evaluator.Interpolate(v)
+				if runsOn[i], err = evaluator.interpolate(v); err != nil {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("interpolate runs-on for job %q: %w", id, err)
+				}
 			}
 			job.RawRunsOn = encodeRunsOn(runsOn)
 			if err := evaluator.EvaluateYamlNode(&job.RawContinueOnError); err != nil {
@@ -117,6 +131,9 @@ type parseContext struct {
 type ParseOption func(c *parseContext)

 func getMatrixes(job *model.Job) ([]map[string]any, error) {
+	if err := validateMatrixFilters(job); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	ret, err := job.GetMatrixes()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("GetMatrixes: %w", err)
@@ -127,6 +144,32 @@ func getMatrixes(job *model.Job) ([]map[string]any, error) {
 	return ret, nil
 }

+// validateMatrixFilters rejects an `include`/`exclude` that is not a list of mappings, so that the
+// usual way to get there, an unevaluated ${{ }} expression that is still a scalar, is named as such
+// instead of panicking inside the expansion.
+func validateMatrixFilters(job *model.Job) error {
+	if job.Strategy == nil || job.Strategy.RawMatrix.Kind != yaml.MappingNode {
+		return nil
+	}
+	content := job.Strategy.RawMatrix.Content
+	for i := 0; i+1 < len(content); i += 2 {
+		name, value := content[i].Value, content[i+1]
+		if name != "include" && name != "exclude" {
+			continue
+		}
+		entries := []*yaml.Node{value}
+		if value.Kind == yaml.SequenceNode {
+			entries = value.Content
+		}
+		for _, entry := range entries {
+			if entry.Kind != yaml.MappingNode {
+				return fmt.Errorf("matrix %s must be a list of mappings", name)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func encodeMatrix(matrix map[string]any) yaml.Node {
 	if len(matrix) == 0 {
 		return yaml.Node{}
@@ -150,16 +193,45 @@ func encodeRunsOn(runsOn []string) yaml.Node {
 	return node
 }

-func nameWithMatrix(name string, m map[string]any, evaluator *ExpressionEvaluator) string {
+func nameWithMatrix(name string, m map[string]any, evaluator *ExpressionEvaluator) (string, error) {
 	if len(m) == 0 {
-		return name
+		return name, nil
 	}

 	if !strings.Contains(name, "${{") || !strings.Contains(name, "}}") {
-		return name + " " + matrixName(m)
+		return name + " " + matrixName(m), nil
 	}

-	return evaluator.Interpolate(name)
+	return evaluator.interpolate(name)
+}
+
+// expressionCallsFunction reports whether any ${{ }} expression in value calls one of the functions.
+func expressionCallsFunction(value string, names ...string) bool {
+	parts, err := splitSubExpressions(value)
+	if err != nil {
+		return true // unparseable here, let the expansion report it against the real values
+	}
+	for _, part := range parts {
+		if !part.isExpr {
+			continue
+		}
+		// The lexer needs the closing `}}` that the scanner strips.
+		expr, err := actionlint.NewExprParser().Parse(actionlint.NewExprLexer(part.text + "}}"))
+		if err != nil {
+			return true // unparseable here, let the expansion report it against the real values
+		}
+		found := false
+		actionlint.VisitExprNode(expr, func(node, _ actionlint.ExprNode, entering bool) {
+			call, ok := node.(*actionlint.FuncCallNode)
+			if entering && ok && slices.Contains(names, strings.ToLower(call.Callee)) {
+				found = true
+			}
+		})
+		if found {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
 }

 func matrixName(m map[string]any) string {
@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@
 package jobparser

 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/model"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"go.yaml.in/yaml/v4"
@@ -107,3 +109,86 @@ func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestParseInterpolatesRunName(t *testing.T) {
+	workflow := func(runName string) []byte {
+		return []byte("name: t\nrun-name: \"" + runName + "\"\non: push\njobs:\n  build:\n    runs-on: ubuntu-latest\n    steps: [{run: echo}]\n")
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range []struct{ name, runName, want string }{
+		{"bool", "${{ true }}", "true"},
+		{"int", "${{ 1 }}", "1"},
+		{"float", "${{ 1.0 }}", "1"},
+		{"null", "${{ null }}", ""},
+		{"object", `${{ fromJSON('{\"a\":1}') }}`, "Object"},
+		{"array", "${{ fromJSON('[1,2]') }}", "Array"},
+		{"context", "${{ github }}", "Object"},
+		{"surrounding literals", "run ${{ 1 }} now", "run 1 now"},
+		{"two expressions", "${{ 1 }}-${{ true }}", "1-true"},
+		{"closing brace inside a string", "${{ 'a}}b' }}", "a}}b"},
+		{"incomplete expression stays literal", "${{ 1", "${{ 1"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result, err := Parse(workflow(tt.runName), WithGitContext(&model.GithubContext{EventName: "push"}))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Len(t, result, 1)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, result[0].RunName)
+		})
+	}
+
+	// a malformed part must not restructure the surrounding expression
+	for _, runName := range []string{"${{ 1) && (2 }}", "run ${{ 1) && (2 }} now", "${{ 'a' }} ${{ b", "${{ 'a }}"} {
+		_, err := Parse(workflow(runName), WithGitContext(&model.GithubContext{EventName: "push"}))
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "interpolate run-name")
+	}
+
+	// callers such as commit status parse without a git context, leaving `github` a nil pointer
+	result, err := Parse(workflow("${{ github }}"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, result, 1)
+	assert.Empty(t, result[0].RunName)
+}
+
+func TestRejectsUnevaluatedMatrixFilters(t *testing.T) {
+	// An unevaluated ${{ }} expression is still a scalar, which act cannot apply as a filter: it used
+	// to reach the expansion and panic there on an unchecked type assertion, taking down the file view
+	// and the push_update queue.
+	const workflow = `
+name: t
+on: push
+jobs:
+  setup:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      m: ${{ steps.s.outputs.m }}
+    steps: [{id: s, run: echo}]
+  build:
+    needs: setup
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        %s
+    steps: [{run: echo}]
+`
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		name   string
+		matrix string
+	}{
+		{name: "include expression", matrix: "include: ${{ fromJson(needs.setup.outputs.m) }}"},
+		{name: "exclude expression", matrix: "os: [a, b]\n        exclude: ${{ fromJson(vars.MATRIX) }}"},
+		{name: "include scalar", matrix: "include: whatever"},
+		{name: "include list of scalars", matrix: "include: [a, b]"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			require.NotPanics(t, func() {
+				_, err := Parse(fmt.Appendf(nil, workflow, tt.matrix))
+				require.ErrorContains(t, err, "must be a list of mappings")
+			})
+		})
+	}
+
+	// a well-formed include/exclude keeps expanding
+	planned, err := Parse(fmt.Appendf(nil, workflow, "os: [a, b]\n        include:\n          - os: c\n        exclude:\n          - os: b"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, planned, 3) // setup, plus build for os a and c
+}
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"

-	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/exprparser"
+	"gitea.dev/modules/util"
+
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/model"
 	"go.yaml.in/yaml/v4"
 )
@@ -32,6 +33,11 @@ func (w *SingleWorkflow) Job() (string, *Job) {
 	return "", nil
 }

+// WorkflowDispatchConfig returns the `on: workflow_dispatch` declaration, nil if there is none.
+func (w *SingleWorkflow) WorkflowDispatchConfig() *model.WorkflowDispatch {
+	return (&model.Workflow{RawOn: w.RawOn}).WorkflowDispatchConfig()
+}
+
 func (w *SingleWorkflow) jobs() ([]string, []*Job, error) {
 	ids, jobs, err := parseMappingNode[*Job](&w.RawJobs)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -75,7 +81,22 @@ func (w *SingleWorkflow) SetJob(id string, job *Job) error {
 }

 func (w *SingleWorkflow) Marshal() ([]byte, error) {
-	return yaml.Marshal(w)
+	// Encode with the same indentation SetJob uses (2). yaml.Marshal's default
+	// indentation (4) makes the encoder emit multi-line block scalars (e.g. a
+	// `run:` step that begins with blank lines) with a wrong explicit indentation
+	// indicator (`run: |4`) that then fails to re-parse, which silently strands
+	// the job during concurrency evaluation. Keeping both encoders at indent 2
+	// makes the serialized single workflow round-trip.
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	enc := yaml.NewEncoder(&buf)
+	enc.SetIndent(2)
+	if err := enc.Encode(w); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := enc.Close(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return buf.Bytes(), nil
 }

 type Job struct {
@@ -236,9 +257,11 @@ func (evt *Event) Inputs() []WorkflowDispatchInput {
 }

 func ReadWorkflowRawConcurrency(content []byte) (*model.RawConcurrency, error) {
-	w := new(model.Workflow)
-	err := yaml.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(content)).Decode(w)
-	return w.RawConcurrency, err
+	w, err := ReadWorkflow(content)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return w.RawConcurrency, nil
 }

 func EvaluateConcurrency(rc *model.RawConcurrency, jobID string, job *Job, gitCtx map[string]any, results map[string]*JobResult, vars map[string]string, inputs map[string]any) (string, bool, error) {
@@ -277,7 +300,7 @@ func EvaluateConcurrency(rc *model.RawConcurrency, jobID string, job *Job, gitCt
 	if evaluated.RawExpression != "" {
 		return evaluated.RawExpression, false, nil
 	}
-	return evaluated.Group, evaluated.CancelInProgress == "true", nil
+	return evaluated.Group, util.ParseYamlBool(evaluated.CancelInProgress), nil
 }

 func toGitContext(input map[string]any) *model.GithubContext {
@@ -490,16 +513,20 @@ func EvaluateJobIfExpression(jobID string, job *Job, gitCtx map[string]any, resu
 			RawMatrix:         job.Strategy.RawMatrix,
 		},
 	}
-	evaluator := NewExpressionEvaluator(NewInterpeter(jobID, actJob, nil, toGitContext(gitCtx), results, vars, inputs))
-	expr, err := rewriteSubExpression(job.If.Value, false)
+	// Each per-matrix job carries its single matrix combination in RawMatrix so resolve it and pass it in;
+	// otherwise `matrix.*` references in `if:` evaluate to null.
+	// GetMatrixes always returns at least one element (an empty map for a job without a matrix),
+	// so only a non-empty combination should populate `matrix.*`, leaving it nil otherwise.
+	var matrix map[string]any
+	matrixes, err := actJob.GetMatrixes()
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
-	result, err := evaluator.evaluate(expr, exprparser.DefaultStatusCheckSuccess)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
+	if len(matrixes) > 0 && len(matrixes[0]) > 0 {
+		matrix = matrixes[0]
 	}
-	return exprparser.IsTruthy(result), nil
+	evaluator := NewExpressionEvaluator(NewInterpeter(jobID, actJob, matrix, toGitContext(gitCtx), results, vars, inputs))
+	return evaluator.evaluateCondition(job.If.Value)
 }

 // parseMappingNode parse a mapping node and preserve order.
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 package jobparser

 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

@@ -464,3 +465,110 @@ func TestParseMappingNode(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestEvaluateJobIfExpressionMatrix(t *testing.T) {
+	ifExprs := []string{
+		`${{ contains(fromJSON('["linux","windows"]'), matrix.target) }}`,
+		`${{ contains('["linux","windows"]', matrix.target) }}`,
+	}
+
+	want := map[string]bool{
+		"build (linux)":   true,
+		"build (windows)": true,
+		"build (macos)":   false,
+	}
+
+	for _, ifExpr := range ifExprs {
+		t.Run(ifExpr, func(t *testing.T) {
+			content := fmt.Sprintf(`
+name: test
+on: push
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: %s
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        target: [linux, windows, macos]
+    steps:
+      - run: echo ${{ matrix.target }}
+`, ifExpr)
+
+			swfs, err := Parse([]byte(content))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Len(t, swfs, 3)
+
+			got := make(map[string]bool, len(swfs))
+			for _, swf := range swfs {
+				id, job := swf.Job()
+				shouldRun, err := EvaluateJobIfExpression(id, job, map[string]any{}, map[string]*JobResult{id: {}}, nil, nil)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				got[job.Name] = shouldRun
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, want, got)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEvaluateJobIfExpression(t *testing.T) {
+	kases := []struct {
+		name       string
+		ifCond     string
+		needResult string
+		expected   bool
+	}{
+		{name: "empty need success", ifCond: "${{ 1 == 1 }}", needResult: "success", expected: true},
+		{name: "always", ifCond: "${{ always() }}", needResult: "failure", expected: true},
+		{name: "failure true", ifCond: "${{ failure() }}", needResult: "failure", expected: true},
+		{name: "failure false", ifCond: "${{ failure() }}", needResult: "success", expected: false},
+		{name: "success true", ifCond: "${{ success() }}", needResult: "success", expected: true},
+		// cancelled() is always false on the server: a cancelled run never evaluates a blocked job's `if:`
+		{name: "cancelled", ifCond: "${{ cancelled() }}", needResult: "success", expected: false},
+		{name: "not cancelled or failure", ifCond: "${{ !(cancelled() || failure()) }}", needResult: "success", expected: true},
+		{name: "not cancelled or failure, need failed", ifCond: "${{ !(cancelled() || failure()) }}", needResult: "failure", expected: false},
+		// a condition is an expression with or without `${{ }}`, literal text around one makes it a string
+		{name: "bare expression", ifCond: "always()", needResult: "failure", expected: true},
+		{name: "literal text keeps the success() default", ifCond: "x ${{ 1 }}", needResult: "failure", expected: false},
+		{name: "literal text around a status function drops it", ifCond: "x ${{ always() }}", needResult: "failure", expected: true},
+	}
+	for _, kase := range kases {
+		t.Run(kase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			content := strings.ReplaceAll(`
+name: test
+on: push
+jobs:
+  job1:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - run: echo job1
+  job2:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: [job1]
+    if: IF_COND
+    steps:
+      - run: echo job2
+`, "IF_COND", kase.ifCond)
+
+			workflows, err := Parse([]byte(content))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			var job2 *Job
+			for _, wf := range workflows {
+				if id, job := wf.Job(); id == "job2" {
+					job2 = job
+				}
+			}
+			require.NotNil(t, job2)
+
+			// mirrors findJobNeedsAndFillJobResults: the needs' results plus a self entry carrying Needs
+			results := map[string]*JobResult{
+				"job1": {Result: kase.needResult},
+				"job2": {Needs: []string{"job1"}},
+			}
+			got, err := EvaluateJobIfExpression("job2", job2, map[string]any{}, results, nil, nil)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, kase.expected, got)
+		})
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package jobparser
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// A step whose `run:` block starts with blank lines must still survive the
+// Parse -> SingleWorkflow.Marshal -> Parse round-trip. Previously Marshal used a
+// different indentation than SetJob, which made the encoder emit the block scalar
+// with a wrong explicit indentation indicator (`run: |4`) that no longer parsed;
+// the job then stayed silently blocked during concurrency evaluation.
+func TestSingleWorkflowRoundTripRunBlockLeadingBlankLines(t *testing.T) {
+	const wf = `name: demo
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      app_name:
+        type: string
+        required: true
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: build
+    env:
+      IMAGE_TAG: ${{ inputs.app_name }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - if: ${{ inputs.app_name != '' }}
+        name: packages
+        run: |
+
+
+          echo start
+          echo done
+`
+	sws, err := Parse([]byte(wf))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, sws, 1)
+
+	// pin the original run block as the baseline
+	_, origJob := sws[0].Job()
+	require.Len(t, origJob.Steps, 1)
+	const wantRun = "\n\necho start\necho done\n"
+	require.Equal(t, wantRun, origJob.Steps[0].Run)
+
+	payload, err := sws[0].Marshal()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// the serialized single workflow must be parseable again -- this is what the
+	// server does in EvaluateJobConcurrencyFillModel -> ParseJob. Before the fix
+	// Marshal emitted `run: |4`, which failed here and left the job blocked.
+	roundTripped, err := Parse(payload)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "serialized single workflow must round-trip; got payload:\n%s", payload)
+	require.Len(t, roundTripped, 1)
+
+	// the round-trip must preserve the run block byte-for-byte
+	_, gotJob := roundTripped[0].Job()
+	require.Len(t, gotJob.Steps, 1)
+	require.Equal(t, wantRun, gotJob.Steps[0].Run, "round-trip must preserve run content; got payload:\n%s", payload)
+}
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func ParseWorkflowCallSpec(content []byte) (*WorkflowCallSpec, error) {
 	var doc struct {
 		On yaml.Node `yaml:"on"`
 	}
-	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(content, &doc); err != nil {
+	if err := decodeResolved(content, &doc); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse workflow yaml: %w", err)
 	}

@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ func MatchCallerInputsAgainstSpec(spec *WorkflowCallSpec, evaluated map[string]a
 func parseWorkflowCallInput(name string, typ InputType, v any) (any, error) {
 	switch typ {
 	case InputTypeString:
-		return toString(v), nil
+		return coerceToString(v), nil
 	case InputTypeBoolean:
 		// strict type matching: a boolean input only accepts a native bool, not a "true"/"false" string
 		if b, ok := v.(bool); ok {
@@ -361,11 +361,11 @@ func EvaluateWorkflowCallOutputs(spec *WorkflowCallSpec, gitCtx *model.GithubCon
 		Vars:   vars,
 		Inputs: inputs,
 	}
-	interpreter := exprparser.NewInterpeter(env, exprparser.Config{})
+	evaluator := NewExpressionEvaluator(exprparser.NewInterpeter(env, exprparser.Config{}))

 	out := make(map[string]string, len(spec.Outputs))
 	for name, o := range spec.Outputs {
-		v, err := evaluateWorkflowCallOutputValue(interpreter, o.Value)
+		v, err := evaluator.interpolate(o.Value)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("workflow_call output %q: %w", name, err)
 		}
@@ -373,29 +373,3 @@ func EvaluateWorkflowCallOutputs(spec *WorkflowCallSpec, gitCtx *model.GithubCon
 	}
 	return out, nil
 }
-
-func evaluateWorkflowCallOutputValue(interpreter exprparser.Interpreter, value string) (string, error) {
-	if !strings.Contains(value, "${{") || !strings.Contains(value, "}}") {
-		return value, nil
-	}
-	expr, err := rewriteSubExpression(value, true)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	evaluated, err := interpreter.Evaluate(expr, exprparser.DefaultStatusCheckNone)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	return toString(evaluated), nil
-}
-
-func toString(v any) string {
-	switch s := v.(type) {
-	case string:
-		return s
-	case nil:
-		return ""
-	default:
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%v", s)
-	}
-}
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ func ParseScopedWorkflows(sourceCommit *git.Commit) ([]*ParsedScopedWorkflow, er
 // It returns the workflows whose `on:` matches, and those that matched the event but were excluded by a branch/paths filter (filtered).
 func MatchScopedWorkflows(
 	parsed []*ParsedScopedWorkflow,
+	sourceCommitSHA string,
 	consumerGitRepo *git.Repository,
 	consumerCommit *git.Commit,
 	triggedEvent webhook_module.HookEventType,
@@ -71,9 +72,10 @@ func MatchScopedWorkflows(
 				continue
 			}
 			dwf := &DetectedWorkflow{
-				EntryName:    p.EntryName,
-				TriggerEvent: evt,
-				Content:      p.Content,
+				EntryName:       p.EntryName,
+				TriggerEvent:    evt,
+				Content:         p.Content,
+				SourceCommitSHA: sourceCommitSHA,
 			}
 			switch detectWorkflowMatch(consumerGitRepo, consumerCommit, triggedEvent, payload, evt) {
 			case detectMatched:
@@ -30,8 +30,9 @@ func FullSteps(task *actions_model.ActionTask) []*actions_model.ActionTaskStep {
 	// For example,
 	// 1. preStep(Success) -> step1(Success) -> step2(Running) -> step3(Waiting) -> postStep(Waiting): lastHasRunStep is step1.
 	// 2. preStep(Success) -> step1(Success) -> step2(Success) -> step3(Success) -> postStep(Success): lastHasRunStep is step3.
-	// 3. preStep(Success) -> step1(Success) -> step2(Failure) -> step3 -> postStep(Waiting): lastHasRunStep is step2.
-	// So its Stopped is the Started of postStep when there are no more steps to run.
+	// 3. preStep(Success) -> step1(Success) -> step2(Failure) -> step3(Waiting) -> postStep(Waiting): lastHasRunStep is step2.
+	// 4. preStep(Success) -> step1(Success) -> step2(Skipped) -> postStep(Success): lastHasRunStep is step1, because a skipped step never ran.
+	// So its Stopped is the Started of postStep once no step is left to run.
 	var lastHasRunStep *actions_model.ActionTaskStep

 	var logIndex int64
@@ -71,8 +72,8 @@ func FullSteps(task *actions_model.ActionTask) []*actions_model.ActionTaskStep {
 		Name:   postStepName,
 		Status: actions_model.StatusWaiting,
 	}
-	// If the lastHasRunStep is the last step, or it has failed, postStep has started.
-	if lastHasRunStep.Status.IsFailure() || lastHasRunStep == task.Steps[len(task.Steps)-1] {
+	// If no step is left to run, or the lastHasRunStep has failed, postStep has started.
+	if lastHasRunStep.Status.IsFailure() || task.Steps[len(task.Steps)-1].Status.IsDone() {
 		postStep.LogIndex = logIndex
 		postStep.LogLength = task.LogLength - postStep.LogIndex
 		postStep.Started = lastHasRunStep.Stopped
@@ -156,6 +156,27 @@ func TestFullSteps(t *testing.T) {
 				{Name: postStepName, Status: actions_model.StatusSuccess, LogIndex: 90, LogLength: 10, Started: 10090, Stopped: 10100},
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			name: "last step is skipped",
+			task: &actions_model.ActionTask{
+				Steps: []*actions_model.ActionTaskStep{
+					{Status: actions_model.StatusSuccess, LogIndex: 10, LogLength: 20, Started: 10010, Stopped: 10020},
+					{Status: actions_model.StatusSuccess, LogIndex: 30, LogLength: 60, Started: 10020, Stopped: 10090},
+					{Status: actions_model.StatusSkipped, LogIndex: 0, LogLength: 0, Started: 0, Stopped: 0},
+				},
+				Status:    actions_model.StatusSuccess,
+				Started:   10000,
+				Stopped:   10100,
+				LogLength: 100,
+			},
+			want: []*actions_model.ActionTaskStep{
+				{Name: preStepName, Status: actions_model.StatusSuccess, LogIndex: 0, LogLength: 10, Started: 10000, Stopped: 10010},
+				{Status: actions_model.StatusSuccess, LogIndex: 10, LogLength: 20, Started: 10010, Stopped: 10020},
+				{Status: actions_model.StatusSuccess, LogIndex: 30, LogLength: 60, Started: 10020, Stopped: 10090},
+				{Status: actions_model.StatusSkipped, LogIndex: 0, LogLength: 0, Started: 0, Stopped: 0},
+				{Name: postStepName, Status: actions_model.StatusSuccess, LogIndex: 90, LogLength: 10, Started: 10090, Stopped: 10100},
+			},
+		},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 package actions

 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
 	"path"
 	"slices"
@@ -28,6 +27,8 @@ type DetectedWorkflow struct {
 	EntryName    string
 	TriggerEvent *jobparser.Event
 	Content      []byte
+	// SourceCommitSHA is the commit Content was read from, and must always be filled in together with Content.
+	SourceCommitSHA string
 }

 type detectResult int
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ func GetContentFromEntry(entry *git.TreeEntry) ([]byte, error) {
 }

 func GetEventsFromContent(content []byte) ([]*jobparser.Event, error) {
-	workflow, err := model.ReadWorkflow(bytes.NewReader(content))
+	workflow, err := jobparser.ReadWorkflow(content)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -203,17 +204,19 @@ func DetectWorkflows(
 			if evt.IsSchedule() {
 				if detectSchedule {
 					dwf := &DetectedWorkflow{
-						EntryName:    entry.Name(),
-						TriggerEvent: evt,
-						Content:      content,
+						EntryName:       entry.Name(),
+						TriggerEvent:    evt,
+						Content:         content,
+						SourceCommitSHA: commit.ID.String(),
 					}
 					schedules = append(schedules, dwf)
 				}
 			} else {
 				dwf := &DetectedWorkflow{
-					EntryName:    entry.Name(),
-					TriggerEvent: evt,
-					Content:      content,
+					EntryName:       entry.Name(),
+					TriggerEvent:    evt,
+					Content:         content,
+					SourceCommitSHA: commit.ID.String(),
 				}
 				switch detectWorkflowMatch(gitRepo, commit, triggedEvent, payload, evt) {
 				case detectMatched:
@@ -252,9 +255,10 @@ func DetectScheduledWorkflows(gitRepo *git.Repository, commit *git.Commit) ([]*D
 			if evt.IsSchedule() {
 				log.Trace("detect scheduled workflow: %q", entry.Name())
 				dwf := &DetectedWorkflow{
-					EntryName:    entry.Name(),
-					TriggerEvent: evt,
-					Content:      content,
+					EntryName:       entry.Name(),
+					TriggerEvent:    evt,
+					Content:         content,
+					SourceCommitSHA: commit.ID.String(),
 				}
 				wfs = append(wfs, dwf)
 			}
@@ -28,13 +28,10 @@ func Init() {

 	WebAuthn = &webauthn.WebAuthn{
 		Config: &webauthn.Config{
-			RPDisplayName: setting.AppName,
-			RPID:          setting.Domain,
-			RPOrigins:     []string{appURL},
-			AuthenticatorSelection: protocol.AuthenticatorSelection{
-				UserVerification: protocol.VerificationDiscouraged,
-			},
-			AttestationPreference: protocol.PreferDirectAttestation,
+			RPDisplayName:         setting.AppName,
+			RPID:                  setting.Domain,
+			RPOrigins:             []string{appURL},
+			AttestationPreference: protocol.PreferNoAttestation, // Gitea never verifies attestation
 		},
 	}
 }
@@ -39,9 +39,7 @@ type CommitMessage struct {

 	trailerValues CommitMessageTrailerValues

-	allParticipants      []*CommitIdentity
-	committerCoAuthorIdx int
-	committerCoAuthor    *CommitIdentity
+	allAuthors []*CommitIdentity
 }

 func (c *CommitMessage) MessageUTF8() string {
@@ -77,8 +75,12 @@ func (c *CommitMessage) MessageTrailer() CommitMessageTrailerValues {
 }

 var commitMessageTrailerSplit = sync.OnceValue(func() *regexp.Regexp {
-	// the sep is either something like "\n---\n" or "\n\n" in the body, or at the start of the body like "---\n"
-	return regexp.MustCompile(`(?s)^(?P<content>.*?)(?P<sep>^|^\n|^-{3,}\n+|\n-{3,}\n+|\n\n)(?P<trailer>(?:[A-Za-z0-9][-A-Za-z0-9]*:[^\n]*\n?)*\n*)$`)
+	// ref: https://git-scm.com/docs/git-interpret-trailers
+	// TODO: the regexp is not able to perfectly parse the all kinds of trailers
+	// It was just copied from legacy code, it is not exactly the same as how Git parses the trailer and not quite right in some cases.
+	// For the key characters: it follows RFC 822 field name syntax (or RFC 2822/RFC 5322): printable ASCII characters between 33 and 126 except the colon (:),
+	// but maybe we don't want to make it that complicated, so here we only support some common "symbol-like" characters.
+	return regexp.MustCompile(`(?s)^(?P<content>.*?)(?P<sep>^|^\n|^-{3,}\n+|\n+-{3,}\n+|\n{2,})(?P<trailer>(?:[A-Za-z0-9][-\w]*:[^\n]*(\n\s+[^\n]*)*\n?)*\n*)$`)
 })

 // CommitMessageSplitTrailer tries to split the message by the trailer separator
@@ -93,6 +95,41 @@ func CommitMessageSplitTrailer(s string) (content, sep, trailer string) {
 	return v[re.SubexpIndex("content")], v[re.SubexpIndex("sep")], v[re.SubexpIndex("trailer")]
 }

+// CommitMessageMerge merges two commit messages with their trailers
+func CommitMessageMerge(m1, m2 string) string {
+	c1, s1, t1 := CommitMessageSplitTrailer(m1)
+	c2, s2, t2 := CommitMessageSplitTrailer(m2)
+	c1, t1 = strings.TrimSpace(c1), strings.TrimSpace(t1)
+	c2, t2 = strings.TrimSpace(c2), strings.TrimSpace(t2)
+	out := strings.Builder{}
+	if c1 != "" && c2 != "" {
+		out.WriteString(c1)
+		out.WriteString("\n\n")
+		out.WriteString(c2)
+	} else if c1 != "" {
+		out.WriteString(c1)
+	} else if c2 != "" {
+		out.WriteString(c2)
+	}
+	if t1 != "" || t2 != "" {
+		sep := util.Iif(t1 == "", s2, s1)
+		sep = util.IfZero(sep, "\n\n")
+		if c1 != "" || c2 != "" {
+			out.WriteString(sep)
+		}
+		if t1 != "" {
+			out.WriteString(t1)
+		}
+		if t1 != "" && t2 != "" {
+			out.WriteString("\n")
+		}
+		if t2 != "" {
+			out.WriteString(t2)
+		}
+	}
+	return out.String()
+}
+
 func CommitMessageParseTrailer(s string) CommitMessageTrailerValues {
 	ret := CommitMessageTrailerValues{}
 	for line := range strings.SplitSeq(util.NormalizeStringEOL(s), "\n") {
@@ -107,63 +144,58 @@ func CommitMessageParseTrailer(s string) CommitMessageTrailerValues {
 	return ret
 }

-// AllParticipantIdentities returns all the participants in the commit, the first one is the commit's author
-func (c *Commit) AllParticipantIdentities() []*CommitIdentity {
-	if c.allParticipants != nil {
-		return c.allParticipants
-	}
-
-	exclude := map[string]int{}
-	addParticipant := func(name, email string, role int) (existingRole int) {
-		if name == "" && email == "" {
-			return 0
-		}
-		emailLower := strings.ToLower(email)
-		if existingRole = exclude[emailLower]; emailLower != "" && existingRole != 0 {
-			return existingRole
-		}
-		c.allParticipants = append(c.allParticipants, &CommitIdentity{Name: name, Email: email, role: role})
-		exclude[emailLower] = role
-		return 0
-	}
-
-	c.committerCoAuthorIdx = -1
-	addParticipant(c.Author.Name, c.Author.Email, commitIdentityRoleAuthor)
-	addParticipant(c.Committer.Name, c.Committer.Email, commitIdentityRoleCommitter)
-	for _, coAuthorValue := range c.MessageTrailer()["co-authored-by"] {
-		addr, err := mail.ParseAddress(coAuthorValue)
-		coAuthorName, coAuthorEmail := coAuthorValue, ""
-		if err == nil {
-			coAuthorName, coAuthorEmail = addr.Name, addr.Address
-		}
-		existingRole := addParticipant(coAuthorName, coAuthorEmail, commitIdentityRoleCoAuthor)
-		if existingRole == commitIdentityRoleCommitter && c.committerCoAuthorIdx == -1 {
-			c.committerCoAuthorIdx = len(c.allParticipants)
-			c.committerCoAuthor = &CommitIdentity{coAuthorName, coAuthorEmail, commitIdentityRoleCoAuthor}
-		}
-	}
-	return c.allParticipants
-}
-
-// CoAuthorIdentities returns co-author identities defined by "Co-authored-by:" in the git message trailer
-// Only the commit's author is excluded. If committer is declared as co-author, it will be included in the result.
+// AllAuthorIdentities returns all the author and co-authors in the commit. Committer is not included:
 // * Author & Co-author: they changed the code (attribution)
 // * Committer: they submitted the commit but didn't change the code (e.g.: maintainer signed a commit)
-// So, a committer can also be a co-author if they changed the code.
-func (c *Commit) CoAuthorIdentities() (coAuthors []*CommitIdentity) {
-	all := c.AllParticipantIdentities()
-	if len(all) <= 1 {
-		return nil // no co-author list
+func (c *Commit) AllAuthorIdentities() []*CommitIdentity {
+	if c.allAuthors != nil {
+		return c.allAuthors
 	}
-	if all[1].role != commitIdentityRoleCommitter {
-		return all[1:] // no committer, so all after author are co-authors
+	trailerCoAuthors := c.MessageTrailer()["co-authored-by"]
+	c.allAuthors = make([]*CommitIdentity, 0, 1+len(trailerCoAuthors))
+	exclude := map[string]int{}
+	addAuthor := func(name, email string, role int) {
+		if name == "" && email == "" {
+			return
+		}
+		key := strings.ToLower(email)
+		if key == "" {
+			key = strings.ToLower(name)
+		}
+		if existingRole := exclude[key]; key != "" && existingRole != 0 {
+			return
+		}
+		c.allAuthors = append(c.allAuthors, &CommitIdentity{Name: name, Email: email, role: role})
+		exclude[key] = role
 	}
-	if c.committerCoAuthorIdx == -1 {
-		return all[2:] // the committer is not in the co-author list, so just return the co-author list
+
+	addAuthor(c.Author.Name, c.Author.Email, commitIdentityRoleAuthor)
+	for _, coAuthorValue := range trailerCoAuthors {
+		coAuthorName, coAuthorEmail := parseCommitIdentityValue(coAuthorValue)
+		addAuthor(coAuthorName, coAuthorEmail, commitIdentityRoleCoAuthor)
 	}
-	// the committer is in the co-author list but de-duplicated, so include them as co-author again
-	coAuthors = append(coAuthors, all[2:c.committerCoAuthorIdx]...)
-	coAuthors = append(coAuthors, c.committerCoAuthor)
-	coAuthors = append(coAuthors, all[c.committerCoAuthorIdx:]...)
-	return coAuthors
+	return c.allAuthors
+}
+
+// Git identities are not RFC 5322 addresses: net/mail rejects names like "dependabot[bot]", so fall back to the angle-addr.
+func parseCommitIdentityValue(value string) (name, email string) {
+	if addr, err := mail.ParseAddress(value); err == nil {
+		return addr.Name, addr.Address
+	}
+	begin, end := strings.LastIndex(value, "<"), strings.LastIndex(value, ">")
+	if begin == -1 || end < begin {
+		return value, ""
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(value[:begin]), strings.TrimSpace(value[begin+1 : end])
+}
+
+func (c *Commit) CoAuthorIdentities() (coAuthors []*CommitIdentity) {
+	all := c.AllAuthorIdentities()
+	if len(all) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if all[0].role == commitIdentityRoleAuthor {
+		return all[1:]
+	}
+	return all
 }
@@ -26,10 +26,12 @@ func TestCommitMessageTrailer(t *testing.T) {
 		{"a", "a", "", ""},
 		{"a\n\nk", "a\n\nk", "", ""},
 		{"a\n\nk:v", "a", "\n\n", "k:v"},
+		{"a\n\nk:v\n  next-line", "a", "\n\n", "k:v\n  next-line"},
+		{"a\n\nk:v\n  next-line\nother: v", "a", "\n\n", "k:v\n  next-line\nother: v"},
 		{"a\n\nk:v\n\n", "a", "\n\n", "k:v\n\n"},
 		{"a\n--\nk:v", "a\n--\nk:v", "", ""},
-		{"a\n---\nk:v", "a", "\n---\n", "k:v"},
-		{"a\n\n---\n\nk:v", "a\n", "\n---\n\n", "k:v"},
+		{"a\n---\nk:v", "a", "\n---\n", "k:v"}, // TODO: should we support such case? No empty line between "---" and the trailer
+		{"a\n\n---\n\nk:v", "a", "\n\n---\n\n", "k:v"},

 		{"k: v", "", "", "k: v"},
 		{"\nk:v", "", "\n", "k:v"},
@@ -50,41 +52,44 @@ func TestCommitMessageTrailer(t *testing.T) {
 func TestCommitMessageParticipants(t *testing.T) {
 	sig := func(n, e string) *Signature { return &Signature{Name: n, Email: e} }
 	idt := func(n, e string, r int) *CommitIdentity { return &CommitIdentity{n, e, r} }
-	roleAuthor, roleCommitter, roleCoAuthor := commitIdentityRoleAuthor, commitIdentityRoleCommitter, commitIdentityRoleCoAuthor
+	roleAuthor, _, roleCoAuthor := commitIdentityRoleAuthor, commitIdentityRoleCommitter, commitIdentityRoleCoAuthor
 	type testCase struct {
 		name       string
 		commit     *Commit
 		identities []*CommitIdentity
 	}
-	t.Run("AllParticipants", func(t *testing.T) {
+
+	t.Run("AllAuthors", func(t *testing.T) {
 		cases := []testCase{
 			{
-				"DifferentUsers",
+				"CommitterExcluded",
 				&Commit{
 					Author: sig("a", "a@m.com"), Committer: sig("c", "c@m.com"),
-					CommitMessage: CommitMessage{MessageRaw: "CO-Authored-BY: x@m.com"},
+					CommitMessage: CommitMessage{MessageRaw: "CO-Authored-BY: Full Name <x@m.com>"},
 				},
-				[]*CommitIdentity{idt("a", "a@m.com", roleAuthor), idt("c", "c@m.com", roleCommitter), idt("", "x@m.com", roleCoAuthor)},
+				[]*CommitIdentity{idt("a", "a@m.com", roleAuthor), idt("Full Name", "x@m.com", roleCoAuthor)},
 			},
 			{
-				"SameUser",
+				"AuthorIsCoAuthor",
 				&Commit{
-					Author: sig("a", "a@m.com"), Committer: sig("a", "A@M.com"),
-					CommitMessage: CommitMessage{MessageRaw: "CO-Authored-BY: a@m.com"},
+					Author: sig("a", "a@m.com"), Committer: sig("c", "c@m.com"),
+					CommitMessage: CommitMessage{MessageRaw: "CO-Authored-BY: other-name <a@m.com>"},
 				},
 				[]*CommitIdentity{idt("a", "a@m.com", roleAuthor)},
 			},
 			{
-				"NoCommitter",
+				"EmptyAuthor", // synthesized commits (push feed) may have no author signature at all
 				&Commit{
-					Author: sig("a", "a@m.com"), Committer: sig("", ""),
-					CommitMessage: CommitMessage{MessageRaw: "Co-authored-by: Full Name <X@M.com>"},
+					Author: sig("", ""), Committer: sig("", ""),
+					CommitMessage: CommitMessage{MessageRaw: "Co-authored-by: c <c@m.com>"},
 				},
-				[]*CommitIdentity{idt("a", "a@m.com", roleAuthor), idt("Full Name", "X@M.com", roleCoAuthor)},
+				// but if the commit message contains co-authors, the co-authors are still parsed for "all authors"
+				// if it is a problem, the caller should fix the problem (provide correct "author")
+				[]*CommitIdentity{idt("c", "c@m.com", roleCoAuthor)},
 			},
 		}
 		for _, c := range cases {
-			assert.Equal(t, c.identities, c.commit.AllParticipantIdentities(), "case: %s", c.name)
+			assert.Equal(t, c.identities, c.commit.AllAuthorIdentities(), "case: %s", c.name)
 		}
 	})
 	t.Run("CoAuthors", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -114,12 +119,23 @@ func TestCommitMessageParticipants(t *testing.T) {
 				[]*CommitIdentity{},
 			},
 			{
-				"CoAuthorCommitterNameWithIndex", // restore the committer co-author to the co-author list by the index with correct name
+				"CoAuthorNameOnlyAndDuplicate",
 				&Commit{
 					Author: sig("a", "a@m.com"), Committer: sig("c", "c@m.com"),
-					CommitMessage: CommitMessage{MessageRaw: "Co-authored-by: x <x@m.com>\nCo-authored-by: c-other <c@m.com>\nCo-authored-by: y <y@m.com>"},
+					CommitMessage: CommitMessage{MessageRaw: "Co-authored-by: b\nCo-authored-by: b\nCo-authored-by: c"},
+				},
+				[]*CommitIdentity{idt("b", "", roleCoAuthor), idt("c", "", roleCoAuthor)},
+			},
+			{
+				"CoAuthorNameNotAnEmailAddress", // names net/mail rejects, e.g. bots and names with a comma
+				&Commit{
+					Author: sig("a", "a@m.com"), Committer: sig("c", "c@m.com"),
+					CommitMessage: CommitMessage{MessageRaw: "Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>\nCo-authored-by: Smith, John <j@m.com>"},
+				},
+				[]*CommitIdentity{
+					idt("dependabot[bot]", "49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com", roleCoAuthor),
+					idt("Smith, John", "j@m.com", roleCoAuthor),
 				},
-				[]*CommitIdentity{idt("x", "x@m.com", roleCoAuthor), idt("c-other", "c@m.com", roleCoAuthor), idt("y", "y@m.com", roleCoAuthor)},
 			},
 		}
 		for _, c := range cases {
@@ -127,3 +143,31 @@ func TestCommitMessageParticipants(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 }
+
+func TestCommitMessageMerge(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		m1, m2 string
+		out    string
+	}{
+		{"", "", ""},
+		{"msg1", "", "msg1"},
+		{"", "msg2", "msg2"},
+		{"msg1", "msg2", "msg1\n\nmsg2"},
+		{"k1: a", "", "k1: a"},
+		{"", "k2: b", "k2: b"},
+		{"k1: a", "k2: b", "k1: a\nk2: b"},
+		{"msg1", "k2: b", "msg1\n\nk2: b"},
+		{"k1: a", "msg2", "msg2\n\nk1: a"},
+		{"msg1\n\nk1: a", "msg2", "msg1\n\nmsg2\n\nk1: a"},
+		{"msg1\n----\nk1: a", "msg2", "msg1\n\nmsg2\n----\nk1: a"},
+		{"msg1\n\n----\n\nk1: a", "msg2", "msg1\n\nmsg2\n\n----\n\nk1: a"},
+		{"msg1", "msg2\n----\nk2: b", "msg1\n\nmsg2\n----\nk2: b"},
+		{"msg1", "msg2\n\nk2: b", "msg1\n\nmsg2\n\nk2: b"},
+		{"msg1\n\nk1: a", "msg2\n\nk2: b", "msg1\n\nmsg2\n\nk1: a\nk2: b"},
+	}
+
+	for i, c := range cases {
+		out := CommitMessageMerge(c.m1, c.m2)
+		assert.Equal(t, c.out, out, "idx=%d, m1=%q m2=%q", i, c.m1, c.m2)
+	}
+}
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ func syncGitConfig(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 		}
 	}

-	// By default partial clones are disabled, enable them from git v2.22
+	// By default, partial clones are disabled, enable them from git v2.22
 	if !setting.Git.DisablePartialClone && DefaultFeatures().CheckVersionAtLeast("2.22") {
 		if err = configSet(ctx, "uploadpack.allowfilter", "true"); err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -114,9 +114,23 @@ func syncGitConfig(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 		}
 	}

+	GlobalConfig = &GlobalConfigStruct{}
+	// HINT: GIT-DIFF-TREE-UI-CONFIG: Git's bug: git-diff-tree loads config with /* no "diff" UI options */ (since 20 years ago).
+	// https://github.com/git/git/blame/5d2e7709234afea1b6ddb25cd4f60d3d5fb3c200/builtin/diff-tree.c#L127
+	// Although document and manual say that "git-diff-tree" supports "diff.orderfile" option, but it is not actually supported.
+	// So we need to apply the diff.orderfile explicitly in our code.
+	GlobalConfig.DiffOrderFile, _ = configGet(ctx, "diff.orderfile")
 	return nil
 }

+func configGet(ctx context.Context, key string) (string, error) {
+	stdout, _, err := gitcmd.NewCommand("config", "--global", "--get").AddDynamicArguments(key).RunStdString(ctx)
+	if err != nil && !gitcmd.IsErrorExitCode(err, 1) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get git config %s, err: %w", key, err)
+	}
+	return strings.TrimRight(stdout, "\r\n"), nil
+}
+
 func configSet(ctx context.Context, key, value string) error {
 	stdout, _, err := gitcmd.NewCommand("config", "--global", "--get").
 		AddDynamicArguments(key).
@@ -36,7 +36,14 @@ type Features struct {
 	SupportGitMergeTree        bool           // >= 2.40 // we also need "--merge-base"
 }

-var defaultFeatures *Features
+type GlobalConfigStruct struct {
+	DiffOrderFile string
+}
+
+var (
+	defaultFeatures *Features
+	GlobalConfig    *GlobalConfigStruct
+)

 func (f *Features) CheckVersionAtLeast(atLeast string) bool {
 	return f.gitVersion.Compare(version.Must(version.NewVersion(atLeast))) >= 0
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package git
+
+import "gitea.dev/modules/git/gitcmd"
+
+func HandleGitCmdHTTPRedirection(cmd *gitcmd.Command, targets ...string) {
+	// Protect from SSRF vector (e.g. migrating from an attacker URL).
+	// cmd.AddConfig("http.followRedirects", "false")
+	// However, we can't do so at the moment:
+	// this fails due to 301: git -c http.followRedirects=false clone -v https://gitlab.com/{owner}/{repo}
+	// this succeeds: git -c http.followRedirects=false clone -v https://gitlab.com/{owner}/{repo}.git
+	// FIXME: GIT-CLONE-HTTP-REDIRECT-SSRF: need a complete solution in the future
+}
@@ -121,9 +121,7 @@ func Clone(ctx context.Context, from, to string, opts CloneRepoOptions) error {
 	}

 	cmd := gitcmd.NewCommand().AddArguments("clone")
-	// Never follow HTTP redirects: no clone caller needs them, and a remote redirecting to an
-	// otherwise-blocked address would be an SSRF vector (e.g. migrating from an attacker URL).
-	cmd.AddArguments("-c", "http.followRedirects=false")
+	HandleGitCmdHTTPRedirection(cmd, from, to)
 	if opts.SkipTLSVerify {
 		cmd.AddArguments("-c", "http.sslVerify=false")
 	}
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ func TestRepoIsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 // TestCloneRefusesRedirects ensures Clone never follows HTTP redirects, so a remote
 // cannot redirect to an otherwise-blocked address (SSRF, e.g. during migration).
 func TestCloneRefusesRedirects(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Skip("FIXME: GIT-CLONE-HTTP-REDIRECT-SSRF: need a complete solution in the future")
 	var targetHit atomic.Bool
 	target := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		targetHit.Store(true)
@@ -118,15 +118,19 @@ func createDelegateHooks(hookDir string) (err error) {
 		oldHookPath := filepath.Join(hookDir, hookName)
 		newHookPath := filepath.Join(hookDir, hookName+".d", "gitea")

-		if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(hookDir, hookName+".d"), os.ModePerm); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("create hooks dir '%s': %w", filepath.Join(hookDir, hookName+".d"), err)
+		hookDDir := filepath.Join(hookDir, hookName+".d")
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(hookDDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("create hooks dir '%s': %w", hookDDir, err)
+		}
+		if err := os.Chmod(hookDDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("chmod hooks dir '%s': %w", hookDDir, err)
 		}

 		// WARNING: This will override all old server-side hooks
 		if err = util.Remove(oldHookPath); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
 			return fmt.Errorf("unable to pre-remove old hook file '%s' prior to rewriting: %w ", oldHookPath, err)
 		}
-		if err = os.WriteFile(oldHookPath, []byte(hookTpls[i]), 0o777); err != nil {
+		if err = os.WriteFile(oldHookPath, []byte(hookTpls[i]), 0o755); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("write old hook file '%s': %w", oldHookPath, err)
 		}

@@ -137,7 +141,7 @@ func createDelegateHooks(hookDir string) (err error) {
 		if err = util.Remove(newHookPath); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
 			return fmt.Errorf("unable to pre-remove new hook file '%s' prior to rewriting: %w", newHookPath, err)
 		}
-		if err = os.WriteFile(newHookPath, []byte(giteaHookTpls[i]), 0o777); err != nil {
+		if err = os.WriteFile(newHookPath, []byte(giteaHookTpls[i]), 0o755); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("write new hook file '%s': %w", newHookPath, err)
 		}

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package gitrepo
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestCreateDelegateHooksPermissions(t *testing.T) {
+	hookDir := t.TempDir()
+	existingHookDir := filepath.Join(hookDir, "post-receive.d")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(existingHookDir, 0o777))
+	require.NoError(t, os.Chmod(existingHookDir, 0o777))
+
+	require.NoError(t, createDelegateHooks(hookDir))
+
+	hookNames, _, _ := getHookTemplates()
+	for _, hookName := range hookNames {
+		for _, path := range []string{
+			filepath.Join(hookDir, hookName),
+			filepath.Join(hookDir, hookName+".d"),
+			filepath.Join(hookDir, hookName+".d", "gitea"),
+		} {
+			info, err := os.Stat(path)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, os.FileMode(0o755), info.Mode().Perm(), path)
+		}
+	}
+}
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ import (
 	analyzer_keyword "github.com/blevesearch/bleve/v2/analysis/analyzer/keyword"
 	"github.com/blevesearch/bleve/v2/analysis/token/lowercase"
 	"github.com/blevesearch/bleve/v2/analysis/token/unicodenorm"
-	"github.com/blevesearch/bleve/v2/analysis/tokenizer/letter"
 	"github.com/blevesearch/bleve/v2/analysis/tokenizer/unicode"
 	"github.com/blevesearch/bleve/v2/mapping"
 	"github.com/blevesearch/bleve/v2/search/query"
@@ -69,9 +68,8 @@ func (d *RepoIndexerData) Type() string {
 const (
 	repoIndexerAnalyzer      = "repoIndexerAnalyzer"
 	filenameIndexerAnalyzer  = "filenameIndexerAnalyzer"
-	filenameIndexerTokenizer = "filenameIndexerTokenizer"
 	repoIndexerDocType       = "repoIndexerDocType"
-	repoIndexerLatestVersion = 9
+	repoIndexerLatestVersion = 10
 )

 // generateBleveIndexMapping generates a bleve index mapping for the repo indexer
@@ -107,8 +105,8 @@ func generateBleveIndexMapping() (mapping.IndexMapping, error) {
 	} else if err := mapping.AddCustomAnalyzer(repoIndexerAnalyzer, map[string]any{
 		"type":          analyzer_custom.Name,
 		"char_filters":  []string{},
-		"tokenizer":     letter.Name,
-		"token_filters": []string{unicodeNormalizeName, lowercase.Name},
+		"tokenizer":     codeTokenizerName,
+		"token_filters": []string{unicodeNormalizeName, codeTokenFilterName, lowercase.Name},
 	}); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package bleve
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"gitea.dev/models/db"
+	"gitea.dev/modules/indexer/code/internal"
+	inner_bleve "gitea.dev/modules/indexer/internal/bleve"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestBleveIndexerTokenFilter(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	indexer := NewIndexer(dir)
+	defer indexer.Close()
+
+	_, err := indexer.Init(t.Context())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	batch := inner_bleve.NewFlushingBatch(indexer.inner.Indexer, maxBatchSize)
+	batch.Index("2", &RepoIndexerData{RepoID: 2, Content: "mDNS.port2=12345", UpdatedAt: time.Now()})
+	batch.Flush()
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		keyword     string
+		expectedIDs []int64
+	}{
+		{keyword: "12345", expectedIDs: []int64{2}},
+		{keyword: "DNS", expectedIDs: []int64{}},
+		{keyword: "mdns", expectedIDs: []int64{2}},
+		{keyword: "port", expectedIDs: []int64{2}},
+		{keyword: "port2", expectedIDs: []int64{2}},
+	}
+
+	for _, testCase := range testCases {
+		t.Run(testCase.keyword, func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, results, _, err := indexer.Search(t.Context(), &internal.SearchOptions{
+				Paginator: &db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 1},
+				Keyword:   testCase.keyword,
+			})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.ElementsMatch(t, testCase.expectedIDs, searchResultIDs(results))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func searchResultIDs(result []*internal.SearchResult) []int64 {
+	ids := make([]int64, 0, len(result))
+	for _, hit := range result {
+		ids = append(ids, hit.RepoID)
+	}
+	return ids
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package bleve
+
+import (
+	"regexp"
+	"unicode"
+
+	"gitea.dev/modules/util"
+
+	"github.com/blevesearch/bleve/v2/analysis"
+	"github.com/blevesearch/bleve/v2/analysis/tokenizer/character"
+	"github.com/blevesearch/bleve/v2/registry"
+)
+
+const codeTokenizerName = "codeTokenizer"
+
+func codeTokenizerConstructor(_ map[string]any, _ *registry.Cache) (analysis.Tokenizer, error) {
+	// Old code used "letter" tokenizer which doesn't support CJK.
+	// Here it still doesn't support CJK, since there is no usable CJK tokenizer at the moment.
+	return character.NewCharacterTokenizer(func(r rune) bool {
+		return unicode.IsLetter(r) || unicode.IsNumber(r)
+	}), nil
+}
+
+const codeTokenFilterName = "codeTokenFilter"
+
+type codeTokenFilter struct {
+	re *regexp.Regexp
+}
+
+func (c codeTokenFilter) Filter(stream analysis.TokenStream) (ret analysis.TokenStream) {
+	// split one token to "letter" parts and "number" parts (to keep the old behavior).
+	// e.g.: input token="port123", then the output tokens are "port123", "port", "123"
+	for _, token := range stream {
+		ret = append(ret, token)
+		m := c.re.FindAllIndex(token.Term, -1)
+		if len(m) > 1 {
+			for _, it := range m {
+				p1, p2 := it[0], it[1]
+				t := &analysis.Token{
+					Start:    token.Start + p1,
+					End:      token.Start + p2,
+					Term:     token.Term[p1:p2],
+					Position: token.Position,
+					Type:     analysis.AlphaNumeric,
+				}
+				ret = append(ret, t)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return ret
+}
+
+func codeTokenFilterConstructor(_ map[string]any, _ *registry.Cache) (analysis.TokenFilter, error) {
+	return &codeTokenFilter{
+		re: regexp.MustCompile("[a-zA-Z]+|[0-9]+"),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func init() {
+	util.MustNoError(registry.RegisterTokenizer(codeTokenizerName, codeTokenizerConstructor))
+	util.MustNoError(registry.RegisterTokenFilter(codeTokenFilterName, codeTokenFilterConstructor))
+}
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ import (
 	"slices"
 	"strings"

+	"gitea.dev/modules/util"
+
 	"github.com/blevesearch/bleve/v2/analysis"
 	"github.com/blevesearch/bleve/v2/registry"
 )

-const (
-	Name = "gitea/path"
-)
+const Name = "gitea/path"

 type TokenFilter struct{}

@@ -98,8 +98,5 @@ func generatePathTokens(input analysis.TokenStream, reversed bool) analysis.Toke

 func init() {
 	// FIXME: move it to the bleve's init function, but do not call it in global init
-	err := registry.RegisterTokenFilter(Name, TokenFilterConstructor)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
+	util.MustNoError(registry.RegisterTokenFilter(Name, TokenFilterConstructor))
 }
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import (

 	"github.com/blevesearch/bleve/v2"
 	"github.com/blevesearch/bleve/v2/analysis/analyzer/custom"
-	"github.com/blevesearch/bleve/v2/analysis/token/camelcase"
 	"github.com/blevesearch/bleve/v2/analysis/token/lowercase"
 	"github.com/blevesearch/bleve/v2/analysis/token/unicodenorm"
 	"github.com/blevesearch/bleve/v2/analysis/tokenizer/unicode"
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ import (
 const (
 	issueIndexerAnalyzer      = "issueIndexer"
 	issueIndexerDocType       = "issueIndexerDocType"
-	issueIndexerLatestVersion = 7
+	issueIndexerLatestVersion = 8
 )

 const unicodeNormalizeName = "unicodeNormalize"
@@ -103,7 +102,7 @@ func generateIssueIndexMapping() (mapping.IndexMapping, error) {
 		"type":          custom.Name,
 		"char_filters":  []string{},
 		"tokenizer":     unicode.Name,
-		"token_filters": []string{unicodeNormalizeName, camelcase.Name, lowercase.Name},
+		"token_filters": []string{unicodeNormalizeName, camelCaseKeepWholeName, lowercase.Name},
 	}); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -77,6 +77,47 @@ func TestBleveIndexerNoAssignee(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+func TestBleveIndexerTokenFilter(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	indexer := NewIndexer(dir)
+	defer indexer.Close()
+
+	_, err := indexer.Init(t.Context())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NoError(t, indexer.Index(t.Context(),
+		&internal.IndexerData{ID: 1, Title: "fix(packages): SomeThing needs a rewrite (#12345)"},
+		&internal.IndexerData{ID: 2, Title: "add support for mDNS discovery abc1234"},
+	))
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name        string
+		keyword     string
+		expectedIDs []int64
+	}{
+		{name: "exact original case", keyword: "SomeThing", expectedIDs: []int64{1}},
+		{name: "case matching original transitions", keyword: "someThing", expectedIDs: []int64{1}},
+		{name: "all lower case", keyword: "something", expectedIDs: []int64{1}},
+		{name: "all upper case", keyword: "SOMETHING", expectedIDs: []int64{1}},
+		{name: "number match", keyword: "12345", expectedIDs: []int64{1}},
+		{name: "number as part", keyword: "1234", expectedIDs: []int64{2}},
+		{name: "sub-word search still works", keyword: "DNS", expectedIDs: []int64{2}},
+		{name: "sub-word search, lower case", keyword: "mdns", expectedIDs: []int64{2}},
+		{name: "keyword is camel case", keyword: "addSupport", expectedIDs: []int64{2}},
+		{name: "keyword not match", keyword: "addsupport", expectedIDs: []int64{}},
+	}
+
+	for _, testCase := range testCases {
+		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result, err := indexer.Search(t.Context(), &internal.SearchOptions{
+				Keyword: testCase.keyword,
+			})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.ElementsMatch(t, testCase.expectedIDs, searchResultIDs(result))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func searchResultIDs(result *internal.SearchResult) []int64 {
 	ids := make([]int64, 0, len(result.Hits))
 	for _, hit := range result.Hits {
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package bleve
+
+import (
+	"gitea.dev/modules/util"
+
+	"github.com/blevesearch/bleve/v2/analysis"
+	"github.com/blevesearch/bleve/v2/analysis/token/camelcase"
+	"github.com/blevesearch/bleve/v2/registry"
+)
+
+const camelCaseKeepWholeName = "camelCaseKeepWhole"
+
+// camelCaseKeepWholeFilter behaves like bleve's built-in "camelCase" token filter,
+// it also uses the whole word for a token. For example: when indexing "someThing",
+// CamelCaseFilter only emits "some" and "thing", this filter also emits "something".
+// It is questionable why the "issue indexer" used the CamelCaseFilter, it just can't search "someThing".
+// To avoid breaking existing user experiences, this "whole token filter" is introduced to make the full word can be searched.
+type camelCaseKeepWholeFilter struct {
+	inner *camelcase.CamelCaseFilter
+}
+
+func (f *camelCaseKeepWholeFilter) Filter(input analysis.TokenStream) analysis.TokenStream {
+	// First, do exactly what the stock camelCase filter does: split by "camelCase" tokens
+	split := f.inner.Filter(input)
+
+	// Index the resulting position of the *first* sub-token produced for
+	// each original token (matched by start offset), so the duplicated
+	// whole-word token we add below lines up at the same position as the
+	// sub-word it stands in for, instead of drifting out of sync for
+	// fields with more than one original token.
+	posByStart := make(map[int]int, len(split))
+	for _, tok := range split {
+		if _, ok := posByStart[tok.Start]; !ok {
+			posByStart[tok.Start] = tok.Position
+		}
+	}
+
+	rv := make(analysis.TokenStream, 0, len(split)+len(input))
+	rv = append(rv, split...)
+
+	// Then append one extra, un-split copy of every original token, so the
+	// whole word survives as a standalone, independently searchable term.
+	for _, token := range input {
+		dup := *token
+		dup.Term = append([]byte(nil), token.Term...)
+		if pos, ok := posByStart[token.Start]; ok {
+			dup.Position = pos
+		}
+		rv = append(rv, &dup)
+	}
+
+	return rv
+}
+
+func camelCaseKeepWholeFilterConstructor(_ map[string]any, _ *registry.Cache) (analysis.TokenFilter, error) {
+	return &camelCaseKeepWholeFilter{inner: camelcase.NewCamelCaseFilter()}, nil
+}
+
+func init() {
+	util.MustNoError(registry.RegisterTokenFilter(camelCaseKeepWholeName, camelCaseKeepWholeFilterConstructor))
+}
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ func createRequest(ctx context.Context, method, url string, headers map[string]s
 }

 // performRequest sends a request, optionally performs a callback on the request and returns the response.
-// If the status code is 200, the response is returned, and it will contain a non-nil Body.
+// If the status code is in the 2xx range, the response is returned, and it will contain a non-nil Body.
 // Otherwise, it will return an error, and the Body will be nil or closed.
 func performRequest(ctx context.Context, client *http.Client, req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
 	log.Trace("performRequest: %s", req.URL)
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ func performRequest(ctx context.Context, client *http.Client, req *http.Request)
 		return res, err
 	}

-	if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+	if res.StatusCode < 200 || res.StatusCode >= 300 {
 		defer res.Body.Close()
 		return res, handleErrorResponse(res)
 	}
@@ -135,6 +135,15 @@ func TestBasicTransferAdapter(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})

+	t.Run("Upload created", func(t *testing.T) {
+		client := &http.Client{Transport: RoundTripFunc(func(req *http.Request) *http.Response {
+			return &http.Response{StatusCode: http.StatusCreated, Body: io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(""))}
+		})}
+		adapter := &BasicTransferAdapter{client: client}
+		err := adapter.Upload(t.Context(), &Link{Href: "https://upload-created-request.io"}, p, strings.NewReader("dummy"))
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+
 	t.Run("Verify", func(t *testing.T) {
 		cases := []struct {
 			link          *Link
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ package external

 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
-	"runtime"
 	"strings"

 	"gitea.dev/modules/markup"
@@ -91,52 +91,63 @@ func (p *Renderer) GetExternalRendererOptions() (ret markup.ExternalRendererOpti
 	return ret
 }

-func envMark(envName string) string {
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		return "%" + envName + "%"
+func (p *Renderer) prepareExternalCommand(vars map[string]string) (string, []string, error) {
+	fields, err := shellquote.Split(strings.TrimSpace(p.Command))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
 	}
-	return "$" + envName
+	if len(fields) == 0 {
+		return "", nil, errors.New("no command")
+	}
+	var replacements []string
+	for k, v := range vars {
+		replacements = append(replacements, "$"+k, v)
+		replacements = append(replacements, "%"+k+"%", v) // for legacy Windows-style support
+	}
+	r := strings.NewReplacer(replacements...)
+	for i := range fields {
+		fields[i] = r.Replace(fields[i])
+	}
+	return fields[0], fields[1:], nil
 }

 // Render renders the data of the document to HTML via the external tool.
 func (p *Renderer) Render(ctx *markup.RenderContext, input io.Reader, output io.Writer) error {
 	baseLinkSrc := ctx.RenderHelper.ResolveLink("", markup.LinkTypeDefault)
 	baseLinkRaw := ctx.RenderHelper.ResolveLink("", markup.LinkTypeRaw)
-	command := strings.NewReplacer(
-		envMark("GITEA_PREFIX_SRC"), baseLinkSrc,
-		envMark("GITEA_PREFIX_RAW"), baseLinkRaw,
-	).Replace(p.Command)
-	commands, err := shellquote.Split(command)
-	if err != nil || len(commands) == 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%s invalid command %q: %w", p.Name(), p.Command, err)
+	cmdVars := map[string]string{
+		"GITEA_PREFIX_SRC": baseLinkSrc,
+		"GITEA_PREFIX_RAW": baseLinkRaw,
+	}
+	cmdProg, cmdArgs, err := p.prepareExternalCommand(cmdVars)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid external render (%s) command %q: %w", p.Name(), p.Command, err)
 	}
-	args := commands[1:]
-
 	if p.IsInputFile {
 		// write to temp file
-		f, cleanup, err := setting.AppDataTempDir("git-repo-content").CreateTempFileRandom("gitea_input")
+		tmpFile, cleanup, err := setting.AppDataTempDir("git-repo-content").CreateTempFileRandom("gitea_input")
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("%s create temp file when rendering %s failed: %w", p.Name(), p.Command, err)
 		}
 		defer cleanup()

-		_, err = io.Copy(f, input)
+		_, err = io.Copy(tmpFile, input)
 		if err != nil {
-			_ = f.Close()
+			_ = tmpFile.Close()
 			return fmt.Errorf("%s write data to temp file when rendering %s failed: %w", p.Name(), p.Command, err)
 		}

-		err = f.Close()
+		err = tmpFile.Close()
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("%s close temp file when rendering %s failed: %w", p.Name(), p.Command, err)
 		}
-		args = append(args, f.Name())
+		cmdArgs = append(cmdArgs, tmpFile.Name())
 	}

-	processCtx, _, finished := process.GetManager().AddContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("Render [%s] for %s", commands[0], baseLinkSrc))
+	processCtx, _, finished := process.GetManager().AddContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("Render [%s] for %s", cmdProg, baseLinkSrc))
 	defer finished()

-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(processCtx, commands[0], args...)
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(processCtx, cmdProg, cmdArgs...)
 	cmd.Env = append(
 		os.Environ(),
 		"GITEA_PREFIX_SRC="+baseLinkSrc,
@@ -151,7 +162,7 @@ func (p *Renderer) Render(ctx *markup.RenderContext, input io.Reader, output io.
 	process.SetSysProcAttribute(cmd)

 	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%s render run command %s %v failed: %w\nStderr: %s", p.Name(), commands[0], args, err, stderr.String())
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s render run command %s %v failed: %w\nStderr: %s", p.Name(), cmdProg, shellquote.Join(cmdArgs...), err, stderr.String())
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package external
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"gitea.dev/modules/setting"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestPrepareExternalCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &Renderer{MarkupRenderer: &setting.MarkupRenderer{Command: ""}}
+	_, _, err := r.prepareExternalCommand(map[string]string{"KEY": "val"})
+	assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "no command")
+
+	r = &Renderer{MarkupRenderer: &setting.MarkupRenderer{Command: `"/foo bar/bin" --opt $KEY "$KEY" %KEY% other`}}
+	prog, args, err := r.prepareExternalCommand(map[string]string{"KEY": `a"b`})
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "/foo bar/bin", prog)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"--opt", `a"b`, `a"b`, `a"b`, "other"}, args)
+}
@@ -21,19 +21,12 @@ type frontendRenderer struct {
 	patterns []string
 }

-var (
-	_ markup.PostProcessRenderer = (*frontendRenderer)(nil)
-	_ markup.ExternalRenderer    = (*frontendRenderer)(nil)
-)
+var _ markup.ExternalRenderer = (*frontendRenderer)(nil)

 func (p *frontendRenderer) Name() string {
 	return p.name
 }

-func (p *frontendRenderer) NeedPostProcess() bool {
-	return false
-}
-
 func (p *frontendRenderer) FileNamePatterns() []string {
 	// TODO: the file extensions are ambiguous, even if the file name matches, it doesn't mean that the file is a 3D model
 	// There are some approaches to make it more accurate, but they are all complicated:
@@ -29,9 +29,8 @@ func init() {
 type renderer struct{}

 var (
-	_ markup.Renderer            = (*renderer)(nil)
-	_ markup.PostProcessRenderer = (*renderer)(nil)
-	_ markup.ExternalRenderer    = (*renderer)(nil) // FIXME: this is not an external render, need to refactor the framework in the future
+	_ markup.Renderer         = (*renderer)(nil)
+	_ markup.ExternalRenderer = (*renderer)(nil) // FIXME: this is not an external render, need to refactor the framework in the future
 )

 type mimeHandler struct {
@@ -96,8 +95,6 @@ func (renderer) Name() string {
 	return "jupyter-render"
 }

-func (renderer) NeedPostProcess() bool { return true }
-
 func (renderer) GetExternalRendererOptions() markup.ExternalRendererOptions {
 	return markup.ExternalRendererOptions{
 		// HINT: no need to let markup render sanitize the output because there are many special CSS class names, inline attributes.
@@ -215,7 +212,7 @@ func renderCellCode(output htmlutil.HTMLWriter, cell Cell, language string) erro

 		// Highlight code
 		lexer := highlight.DetectChromaLexerByFileName("", language)
-		output.WriteFormat(`<div class="cell-right cell-input"><pre><code class="chroma language-%s">`, strings.ToLower(language))
+		output.WriteFormat(`<div class="cell-right cell-input"><pre><code class="chroma language-%s">`, strings.ToLower(lexer.Config().Name))
 		output.WriteHTML(highlight.RenderCodeByLexer(lexer, source))
 		output.WriteHTML("</code></pre></div>")
 	}
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ func TestIntegrationAndSanitization(t *testing.T) {
 	maliciousNotebook := `{
 		"nbformat": 4,
 		"nbformat_minor": 2,
-		"metadata": {},
+		"metadata": {"language_info":{"name":"any lang"}},
 		"cells": [
 			{
 				"cell_type": "code",
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ func TestIntegrationAndSanitization(t *testing.T) {
 						"execution_count": 1,
 						"data": {
 							"text/html": [
-								"<div><script>alert('XSS Vector')</script><table class=\"dataframe\"><tr><td>Safe Content</td></tr></table></div>"
+								"<div><script>foo</script><table class=other><tr><td>[[name=no-post-process|link=/link]]</td></tr></table></div>"
 							]
 						},
 						"metadata": {}
@@ -295,8 +295,8 @@ func TestIntegrationAndSanitization(t *testing.T) {
 		<div class="cell-line">
 			<div class="cell-left cell-prompt">In [1]:</div>
 			<div class="cell-right cell-input">
-				<pre><code class="chroma language-python">
-					<span class="n">a</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span>
+				<pre><code class="chroma language-fallback">
+					a=1
 				</code></pre>
 			</div>
 		</div>
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ func TestIntegrationAndSanitization(t *testing.T) {
 			<div class="cell-left cell-prompt">Out [1]:</div>
 			<div class="cell-right cell-output">
 				<div class="cell-output-html">
-					<div><table><tbody><tr><td>Safe Content</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
+					<div><table><tr><td>[[name=no-post-process|link=/link]]</td></tr></table></div>
 				</div>
 			</div>
 		</div>
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import (
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 	setting.IsInTesting = true
 	markup.RenderBehaviorForTesting.DisableAdditionalAttributes = true
-	setting.Markdown.FileNamePatterns = []string{"*.md"}
 	markup.RefreshFileNamePatterns()
 	os.Exit(m.Run())
 }
@@ -70,7 +70,15 @@ func Render(ctx *markup.RenderContext, input io.Reader, output io.Writer) error
 	w := &orgWriter{rctx: ctx, HTMLWriter: htmlWriter}
 	htmlWriter.ExtendingWriter = w

-	res, err := org.New().Silent().Parse(input, "").Write(w)
+	cfg := org.New()
+	cfg.ReadFile = func(path string) ([]byte, error) {
+		// actually the orgmode render doesn't support rendering the content from the content again,
+		// so just leave the plain text to end users
+		content := fmt.Sprintf("#+INCLUDE: [[%s]]", path)
+		return []byte(content), nil
+	}
+	doc := cfg.Silent().Parse(input, "")
+	res, err := doc.Write(w)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("orgmode.Render failed: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -21,86 +21,74 @@ func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 	os.Exit(m.Run())
 }

-func TestRender_StandardLinks(t *testing.T) {
-	test := func(input, expected string) {
-		buffer, err := orgmode.RenderString(markup.NewTestRenderContext(), input)
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, strings.TrimSpace(expected), strings.TrimSpace(buffer))
-	}
+func testRender(t *testing.T, input, expected string) {
+	buffer, err := orgmode.RenderString(markup.NewTestRenderContext(), input)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, strings.TrimSpace(expected), strings.TrimSpace(buffer))
+}

-	test("[[https://google.com/]]",
+func TestRender_StandardLinks(t *testing.T) {
+	testRender(t, "[[https://google.com/]]",
 		`<p><a href="https://google.com/">https://google.com/</a></p>`)
-	test("[[ImageLink.svg][The Image Desc]]",
+	testRender(t, "[[ImageLink.svg][The Image Desc]]",
 		`<p><a href="ImageLink.svg">The Image Desc</a></p>`)
 }

 func TestRender_InternalLinks(t *testing.T) {
-	test := func(input, expected string) {
-		buffer, err := orgmode.RenderString(markup.NewTestRenderContext(), input)
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, strings.TrimSpace(expected), strings.TrimSpace(buffer))
-	}
-
-	test("[[file:test.org][Test]]",
+	testRender(t, "[[file:test.org][Test]]",
 		`<p><a href="test.org">Test</a></p>`)
-	test("[[./test.org][Test]]",
+	testRender(t, "[[./test.org][Test]]",
 		`<p><a href="./test.org">Test</a></p>`)
-	test("[[test.org][Test]]",
+	testRender(t, "[[test.org][Test]]",
 		`<p><a href="test.org">Test</a></p>`)
-	test("[[path/to/test.org][Test]]",
+	testRender(t, "[[path/to/test.org][Test]]",
 		`<p><a href="path/to/test.org">Test</a></p>`)
 }

 func TestRender_Media(t *testing.T) {
-	test := func(input, expected string) {
-		buffer, err := orgmode.RenderString(markup.NewTestRenderContext(), input)
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, strings.TrimSpace(expected), strings.TrimSpace(buffer))
-	}
-
-	test("[[file:../../.images/src/02/train.jpg]]",
+	testRender(t, "[[file:../../.images/src/02/train.jpg]]",
 		`<p><img src="../../.images/src/02/train.jpg" alt="../../.images/src/02/train.jpg"></p>`)
-	test("[[file:train.jpg]]",
+	testRender(t, "[[file:train.jpg]]",
 		`<p><img src="train.jpg" alt="train.jpg"></p>`)

 	// With description.
-	test("[[https://example.com][https://example.com/example.svg]]",
+	testRender(t, "[[https://example.com][https://example.com/example.svg]]",
 		`<p><a href="https://example.com"><img src="https://example.com/example.svg" alt="https://example.com/example.svg"></a></p>`)
-	test("[[https://example.com][pre https://example.com/example.svg post]]",
+	testRender(t, "[[https://example.com][pre https://example.com/example.svg post]]",
 		`<p><a href="https://example.com">pre <img src="https://example.com/example.svg" alt="https://example.com/example.svg"> post</a></p>`)
-	test("[[https://example.com][https://example.com/example.mp4]]",
+	testRender(t, "[[https://example.com][https://example.com/example.mp4]]",
 		`<p><a href="https://example.com"><video src="https://example.com/example.mp4">https://example.com/example.mp4</video></a></p>`)
-	test("[[https://example.com][pre https://example.com/example.mp4 post]]",
+	testRender(t, "[[https://example.com][pre https://example.com/example.mp4 post]]",
 		`<p><a href="https://example.com">pre <video src="https://example.com/example.mp4">https://example.com/example.mp4</video> post</a></p>`)

 	// Without description.
-	test("[[https://example.com/example.svg]]",
+	testRender(t, "[[https://example.com/example.svg]]",
 		`<p><img src="https://example.com/example.svg" alt="https://example.com/example.svg"></p>`)
-	test("[[https://example.com/example.mp4]]",
+	testRender(t, "[[https://example.com/example.mp4]]",
 		`<p><video src="https://example.com/example.mp4">https://example.com/example.mp4</video></p>`)

 	// test [[LINK][DESCRIPTION]] syntax with "file:" prefix
-	test(`[[https://example.com/][file:https://example.com/foo%20bar.svg]]`,
+	testRender(t, `[[https://example.com/][file:https://example.com/foo%20bar.svg]]`,
 		`<p><a href="https://example.com/"><img src="https://example.com/foo%20bar.svg" alt="https://example.com/foo%20bar.svg"></a></p>`)
-	test(`[[file:https://example.com/foo%20bar.svg][Goto Image]]`,
+	testRender(t, `[[file:https://example.com/foo%20bar.svg][Goto Image]]`,
 		`<p><a href="https://example.com/foo%20bar.svg">Goto Image</a></p>`)
-	test(`[[file:https://example.com/link][https://example.com/image.jpg]]`,
+	testRender(t, `[[file:https://example.com/link][https://example.com/image.jpg]]`,
 		`<p><a href="https://example.com/link"><img src="https://example.com/image.jpg" alt="https://example.com/image.jpg"></a></p>`)
-	test(`[[file:https://example.com/link][file:https://example.com/image.jpg]]`,
+	testRender(t, `[[file:https://example.com/link][file:https://example.com/image.jpg]]`,
 		`<p><a href="https://example.com/link"><img src="https://example.com/image.jpg" alt="https://example.com/image.jpg"></a></p>`)
 }

 func TestRender_Source(t *testing.T) {
-	test := func(input, expected string) {
-		buffer, err := orgmode.RenderString(markup.NewTestRenderContext(), input)
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, strings.TrimSpace(expected), strings.TrimSpace(buffer))
-	}
-
-	test(`#+begin_src c
+	testRender(t, `#+begin_src c
 int a;
 #+end_src
 `, `<div class="src src-c">
 <pre><code class="chroma language-c"><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
 </div>`)
 }
+
+func TestRender_IncludeLink(t *testing.T) {
+	testRender(t, `#+INCLUDE: "./other.org" src text`, `<div class="src src-text">
+<pre><code class="chroma language-plaintext">#+INCLUDE: [[other.org]]</code></pre>
+</div>`)
+}
@@ -18,9 +18,10 @@ import (
 )

 var (
-	ErrMissingPKGINFOFile = util.NewInvalidArgumentErrorf("PKGINFO file is missing")
-	ErrInvalidName        = util.NewInvalidArgumentErrorf("package name is invalid")
-	ErrInvalidVersion     = util.NewInvalidArgumentErrorf("package version is invalid")
+	ErrMissingPKGINFOFile  = util.NewInvalidArgumentErrorf("PKGINFO file is missing")
+	ErrInvalidName         = util.NewInvalidArgumentErrorf("package name is invalid")
+	ErrInvalidVersion      = util.NewInvalidArgumentErrorf("package version is invalid")
+	ErrPackageInfoTooLarge = util.NewInvalidArgumentErrorf("PKGINFO contains too many entries")
 )

 const (
@@ -36,6 +37,8 @@ const (
 	RepositoryVersion = "_repository"

 	NoArch = "noarch"
+
+	maxPackageInfoEntries = 1024
 )

 // https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Apk_spec
@@ -185,10 +188,16 @@ func ParsePackageInfo(r io.Reader) (*Package, error) {
 			p.FileMetadata.InstallIf = value
 		case "provides":
 			if value != "" {
+				if len(p.FileMetadata.Provides)+len(p.FileMetadata.Dependencies) >= maxPackageInfoEntries {
+					return nil, ErrPackageInfoTooLarge
+				}
 				p.FileMetadata.Provides = append(p.FileMetadata.Provides, value)
 			}
 		case "depend":
 			if value != "" {
+				if len(p.FileMetadata.Provides)+len(p.FileMetadata.Dependencies) >= maxPackageInfoEntries {
+					return nil, ErrPackageInfoTooLarge
+				}
 				p.FileMetadata.Dependencies = append(p.FileMetadata.Dependencies, value)
 			}
 		case "provider_priority":
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"compress/gzip"
 	"io"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -97,6 +98,15 @@ func TestParsePackage(t *testing.T) {

 		assert.Equal(t, "Q1SRYURM5+uQDqfHSwTnNIOIuuDVQ=", p.FileMetadata.Checksum)
 	})
+
+	t.Run("TooManyDependencyEntries", func(t *testing.T) {
+		data := append(createPKGINFOContent(packageName, packageVersion), []byte("\ndepend = item")...)
+		data = append(data, []byte(strings.Repeat("\ndepend = item", maxPackageInfoEntries))...)
+
+		p, err := ParsePackageInfo(bytes.NewReader(data))
+		assert.Nil(t, p)
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrPackageInfoTooLarge)
+	})
 }

 func TestParsePackageInfo(t *testing.T) {
@@ -153,6 +153,9 @@ func ParsePackage(r io.Reader) (*Package, error) {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 		} else if !strings.HasPrefix(filename, ".") {
+			if strings.ContainsAny(hd.Name, "\n\r") {
+				continue // a newline would forge extra lines in the pacman index
+			}
 			if err := files.Add(hd.Name); err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ func TestParsePackage(t *testing.T) {
 				data := createPackage(c, map[string][]byte{
 					".PKGINFO":        createPKGINFOContent(packageName, packageVersion),
 					"/test/dummy.txt": {},
+					"usr/lib/legit\n\n%FILES%\n/etc/cron.d/x": {}, // must not reach the file list
 				})

 				p, err := ParsePackage(data)
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 var (
 	ErrMissingManifestFile    = util.NewInvalidArgumentErrorf("Package.swift file is missing")
 	ErrManifestFileTooLarge   = util.NewInvalidArgumentErrorf("Package.swift file is too large")
+	ErrManifestFilesTooLarge  = util.NewInvalidArgumentErrorf("Package.swift files are too large")
 	ErrInvalidManifestVersion = util.NewInvalidArgumentErrorf("manifest version is invalid")

 	manifestPattern     = regexp.MustCompile(`\APackage(?:@swift-(\d+(?:\.\d+)?(?:\.\d+)?))?\.swift\z`)
@@ -29,6 +30,8 @@ var (

 const (
 	maxManifestFileSize = 128 * 1024
+	maxManifestFiles    = 64
+	maxManifestSize     = maxManifestFiles * maxManifestFileSize

 	PropertyScope         = "swift.scope"
 	PropertyName          = "swift.name"
@@ -123,11 +126,36 @@ func ParsePackage(sr io.ReaderAt, size int64, mr io.Reader) (*Package, error) {
 		},
 	}

+	// Nested packages (test fixtures, examples, benchmarks) ship their own manifests, which must not
+	// replace the package manifest. The package sits at the archive root or in a single top level
+	// directory, so keep only the shallowest manifest directory, breaking ties by name for stability.
+	var manifestFiles []*zip.File
+	manifestDir, manifestDepth := "", 0
 	for _, file := range zr.File {
-		manifestMatch := manifestPattern.FindStringSubmatch(path.Base(file.Name))
-		if len(manifestMatch) == 0 {
+		if strings.HasSuffix(file.Name, "/") || !manifestPattern.MatchString(path.Base(file.Name)) {
 			continue
 		}
+		dir, depth := path.Dir(file.Name), strings.Count(file.Name, "/")
+		switch {
+		case manifestFiles == nil || depth < manifestDepth || (depth == manifestDepth && dir < manifestDir):
+			manifestDir, manifestDepth, manifestFiles = dir, depth, []*zip.File{file}
+		case dir == manifestDir:
+			manifestFiles = append(manifestFiles, file)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(manifestFiles) > maxManifestFiles {
+		return nil, ErrManifestFilesTooLarge
+	}
+	var manifestSize uint64
+	for _, file := range manifestFiles {
+		manifestSize += file.UncompressedSize64
+	}
+	if manifestSize > maxManifestSize {
+		return nil, ErrManifestFilesTooLarge
+	}
+
+	for _, file := range manifestFiles {
+		manifestMatch := manifestPattern.FindStringSubmatch(path.Base(file.Name))

 		if file.UncompressedSize64 > maxManifestFileSize {
 			return nil, ErrManifestFileTooLarge
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
 package swift

 import (
+	"archive/zip"
 	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

@@ -24,6 +26,18 @@ const (
 	packageLicense       = "MIT"
 )

+// writeOrderedZipArchive writes name/content pairs in the given order, which map based test.WriteZipArchive cannot do
+func writeOrderedZipArchive(entries [][2]string) *bytes.Buffer {
+	buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	zw := zip.NewWriter(buf)
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		w, _ := zw.Create(entry[0])
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(entry[1]))
+	}
+	_ = zw.Close()
+	return buf
+}
+
 func TestParsePackage(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("MissingManifestFile", func(t *testing.T) {
 		data := test.WriteZipArchive(map[string]string{"dummy.txt": ""})
@@ -41,6 +55,19 @@ func TestParsePackage(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrManifestFileTooLarge)
 	})

+	t.Run("TooManyManifestFiles", func(t *testing.T) {
+		entries := make([][2]string, 0, maxManifestFiles+1)
+		entries = append(entries, [2]string{"Package.swift", "// swift-tools-version:5.7"})
+		for i := range maxManifestFiles {
+			entries = append(entries, [2]string{fmt.Sprintf("Package@swift-5.%d.swift", i), "// swift-tools-version:5.7"})
+		}
+
+		data := writeOrderedZipArchive(entries)
+		p, err := ParsePackage(bytes.NewReader(data.Bytes()), int64(data.Len()), nil)
+		assert.Nil(t, p)
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrManifestFilesTooLarge)
+	})
+
 	t.Run("WithoutMetadata", func(t *testing.T) {
 		content1 := "// swift-tools-version:5.7\n//\n//  Package.swift"
 		content2 := "// swift-tools-version:5.6\n//\n//  Package@swift-5.6.swift"
@@ -65,6 +92,77 @@ func TestParsePackage(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, content2, m.Content)
 	})

+	t.Run("IgnoresNestedManifests", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rootManifest := "// swift-tools-version:5.7\n//\n//  Package.swift"
+		rootAltManifest := "// swift-tools-version:5.5\n//\n//  Package@swift-5.5.swift"
+		rootPatchAltManifest := "// swift-tools-version:5.7.1\n//\n//  Package@swift-5.7.1.swift"
+		nestedManifest := "// swift-tools-version:6.3\n//\n//  nested fixture package"
+
+		data := writeOrderedZipArchive([][2]string{
+			{"Package.swift", rootManifest},
+			{"Package@swift-5.5.swift", rootAltManifest},
+			{"Package@swift-5.7.1.swift", rootPatchAltManifest},
+			{"Benchmarks/Package.swift", nestedManifest},
+			{"Utils/Fixtures/PlainPackage/Package.swift", nestedManifest},
+		})
+
+		p, err := ParsePackage(bytes.NewReader(data.Bytes()), int64(data.Len()), nil)
+		assert.NotNil(t, p)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Len(t, p.Metadata.Manifests, 3)
+		assert.Equal(t, rootManifest, p.Metadata.Manifests[""].Content)
+		assert.Equal(t, "5.7", p.Metadata.Manifests[""].ToolsVersion)
+		assert.Equal(t, rootAltManifest, p.Metadata.Manifests["5.5"].Content)
+		assert.Equal(t, rootPatchAltManifest, p.Metadata.Manifests["5.7.1"].Content)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("IgnoresNestedManifestsInPrefixedArchive", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rootManifest := "// swift-tools-version:5.7\n//\n//  Package.swift"
+
+		// `swift package archive-source` produces archives with a single top level directory
+		data := writeOrderedZipArchive([][2]string{
+			{"gitea-1.0.1/Package.swift", rootManifest},
+			{"gitea-1.0.1/Tests/Fixtures/Package.swift", "// swift-tools-version:6.3"},
+		})
+
+		p, err := ParsePackage(bytes.NewReader(data.Bytes()), int64(data.Len()), nil)
+		assert.NotNil(t, p)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Len(t, p.Metadata.Manifests, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, rootManifest, p.Metadata.Manifests[""].Content)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("AltManifestOnlyInRootDirectory", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// a deeper Package.swift belongs to a nested package and must not stand in for the missing root manifest
+		data := test.WriteZipArchive(map[string]string{
+			"Package@swift-5.5.swift": "// swift-tools-version:5.5",
+			"Sub/Package.swift":       "// swift-tools-version:5.7",
+		})
+
+		p, err := ParsePackage(bytes.NewReader(data.Bytes()), int64(data.Len()), nil)
+		assert.Nil(t, p)
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrMissingManifestFile)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("ManifestDirectoryTieBreak", func(t *testing.T) {
+		contentA := "// swift-tools-version:5.7\n// A"
+		contentB := "// swift-tools-version:5.7\n// B"
+
+		// at equal depth the name decides, never the archive order
+		data := writeOrderedZipArchive([][2]string{
+			{"a/Package.swift", contentA},
+			{"b/Package.swift", contentB},
+		})
+
+		p, err := ParsePackage(bytes.NewReader(data.Bytes()), int64(data.Len()), nil)
+		assert.NotNil(t, p)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Len(t, p.Metadata.Manifests, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, contentA, p.Metadata.Manifests[""].Content)
+	})
+
 	t.Run("WithMetadata", func(t *testing.T) {
 		data := test.WriteZipArchive(map[string]string{
 			"Package.swift": "// swift-tools-version:5.7\n//\n//  Package.swift",
@@ -109,18 +109,6 @@ func HookProcReceive(ctx context.Context, ownerName, repoName string, opts HookO
 	return requestJSONResp(req, &HookProcReceiveResult{})
 }

-// SetDefaultBranch will set the default branch to the provided branch for the provided repository
-func SetDefaultBranch(ctx context.Context, ownerName, repoName, branch string) ResponseExtra {
-	reqURL := setting.LocalURL + fmt.Sprintf("api/internal/hook/set-default-branch/%s/%s/%s",
-		url.PathEscape(ownerName),
-		url.PathEscape(repoName),
-		url.PathEscape(branch),
-	)
-	req := newInternalRequestAPI(ctx, reqURL, "POST")
-	_, extra := requestJSONResp(req, &ResponseText{})
-	return extra
-}
-
 // SSHLog sends ssh error log response
 func SSHLog(ctx context.Context, isErr bool, msg string) error {
 	reqURL := setting.LocalURL + "api/internal/ssh/log"
@@ -88,25 +88,6 @@ type LoggerOptions struct {
 	Config map[string]any
 }

-// AddLogger adds a logger
-func AddLogger(ctx context.Context, logger, writer, mode string, config map[string]any) ResponseExtra {
-	reqURL := setting.LocalURL + "api/internal/manager/add-logger"
-	req := newInternalRequestAPI(ctx, reqURL, "POST", LoggerOptions{
-		Logger: logger,
-		Writer: writer,
-		Mode:   mode,
-		Config: config,
-	})
-	return requestJSONClientMsg(req, "Added")
-}
-
-// RemoveLogger removes a logger
-func RemoveLogger(ctx context.Context, logger, writer string) ResponseExtra {
-	reqURL := setting.LocalURL + fmt.Sprintf("api/internal/manager/remove-logger/%s/%s", url.PathEscape(logger), url.PathEscape(writer))
-	req := newInternalRequestAPI(ctx, reqURL, "POST")
-	return requestJSONClientMsg(req, "Removed")
-}
-
 // Processes return the current processes from this gitea instance
 func Processes(ctx context.Context, out io.Writer, flat, noSystem, stacktraces, json bool, cancel string) ResponseExtra {
 	reqURL := setting.LocalURL + fmt.Sprintf("api/internal/manager/processes?flat=%t&no-system=%t&stacktraces=%t&json=%t&cancel-pid=%s", flat, noSystem, stacktraces, json, url.QueryEscape(cancel))
@@ -8,4 +8,10 @@ const (
 	KeyUname = "uname"

 	KeyUserHasTwoFactorAuth = "userHasTwoFactorAuth"
+
+	// KeySignInMethod records how the current session was authenticated so logout
+	// can decide whether RP-initiated OIDC logout is appropriate.
+	KeySignInMethod = "signInMethod"
+
+	SignInMethodOAuth2 = "oauth2"
 )
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ var Markdown = struct {
 	MathCodeBlockDetection []string
 	MathCodeBlockOptions   MarkdownMathCodeBlockOptions `ini:"-"`
 }{
-	EnableMath: true,
+	EnableMath:       true,
+	FileNamePatterns: []string{"*.md"},
 }

 // MarkupRenderer defines the external parser configured in ini
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ var OAuth2 = struct {
 	JWTSigningAlgorithm:        "RS256",
 	JWTSigningPrivateKeyFile:   "jwt/private.pem",
 	MaxTokenLength:             math.MaxInt16,
-	DefaultApplications:        []string{"git-credential-oauth", "git-credential-manager", "tea"},
+	DefaultApplications:        []string{"git-credential-oauth", "git-credential-manager", "tea", "gitea-app"},
 }

 func loadOAuth2From(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func TestGetGeneralSigningSecretSave(t *testing.T) {
 func TestOauth2DefaultApplications(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg, _ := NewConfigProviderFromData(``)
 	loadOAuth2From(cfg)
-	assert.Equal(t, []string{"git-credential-oauth", "git-credential-manager", "tea"}, OAuth2.DefaultApplications)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"git-credential-oauth", "git-credential-manager", "tea", "gitea-app"}, OAuth2.DefaultApplications)

 	cfg, _ = NewConfigProviderFromData(`[oauth2]
 DEFAULT_APPLICATIONS = tea
@@ -304,12 +304,10 @@ func (a *AzureBlobStorage) ServeDirectURL(storePath, name, method string, reqPar

 // IterateObjects iterates across the objects in the azureblobstorage
 func (a *AzureBlobStorage) IterateObjects(dirName string, fn func(path string, obj Object) error) error {
-	dirName = a.buildAzureBlobPath(dirName)
-	if dirName != "" {
-		dirName += "/"
-	}
+	basePrefix := buildObjectStorePathPrefix(a.cfg.BasePath, "")
+	dirPrefix := buildObjectStorePathPrefix(a.cfg.BasePath, dirName)
 	pager := a.client.NewListBlobsFlatPager(a.cfg.Container, &container.ListBlobsFlatOptions{
-		Prefix: &dirName,
+		Prefix: &dirPrefix,
 	})
 	for pager.More() {
 		resp, err := pager.NextPage(a.ctx)
@@ -317,7 +315,8 @@ func (a *AzureBlobStorage) IterateObjects(dirName string, fn func(path string, o
 			return convertAzureBlobErr(err)
 		}
 		for _, object := range resp.Segment.BlobItems {
-			blobClient := a.getBlobClient(*object.Name)
+			objPath := strings.TrimPrefix(*object.Name, basePrefix)
+			blobClient := a.getBlobClient(objPath)
 			object := &azureBlobObject{
 				Context:    a.ctx,
 				blobClient: blobClient,
@@ -327,7 +326,7 @@ func (a *AzureBlobStorage) IterateObjects(dirName string, fn func(path string, o
 			}
 			if err := func(object *azureBlobObject, fn func(path string, obj Object) error) error {
 				defer object.Close()
-				return fn(strings.TrimPrefix(object.Name, a.cfg.BasePath), object)
+				return fn(objPath, object)
 			}(object, fn); err != nil {
 				return convertAzureBlobErr(err)
 			}
@@ -336,7 +335,6 @@ func (a *AzureBlobStorage) IterateObjects(dirName string, fn func(path string, o
 	return nil
 }

-// Delete delete a file
 func (a *AzureBlobStorage) getBlobClient(path string) *blob.Client {
 	return a.client.ServiceClient().NewContainerClient(a.cfg.Container).NewBlobClient(a.buildAzureBlobPath(path))
 }
@@ -27,24 +27,16 @@ func TestAzureBlobStorage(t *testing.T) {
 			Container:   "test",
 		},
 	}
-	table := []struct {
-		name string
-		test func(t *testing.T, typStr Type, cfg *setting.Storage)
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "iterator",
-			test: testStorageIterator,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "testBlobStorageURLContentTypeAndDisposition",
-			test: testBlobStorageURLContentTypeAndDisposition,
-		},
-	}
-	for _, entry := range table {
-		t.Run(entry.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			entry.test(t, storageType, config)
-		})
-	}
+	t.Run("Iterator", func(t *testing.T) {
+		testStorageIterator(t, storageType, config)
+	})
+	t.Run("BlobStorageURLContentTypeAndDisposition", func(t *testing.T) {
+		testBlobStorageURLContentTypeAndDisposition(t, storageType, config)
+	})
+	t.Run("IteratorWithBasePath", func(t *testing.T) {
+		config.AzureBlobConfig.BasePath = "test-base-path"
+		testStorageIterator(t, storageType, config)
+	})
 }

 func TestAzureBlobStoragePath(t *testing.T) {
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ import (

 var _ ObjectStorage = &MinioStorage{}

+const unknownSizePartSize = 1024 * 1024 * 16 // same as minio-go's minPartSize
+
 type minioObject struct {
 	*minio.Object
 }
@@ -211,6 +213,10 @@ func (m *MinioStorage) Save(path string, r io.Reader, size int64) (int64, error)
 			// * https://www.backblaze.com/b2/docs/s3_compatible_api.html
 			// do not support "x-amz-checksum-algorithm" header, so use legacy MD5 checksum
 			SendContentMd5: m.cfg.ChecksumAlgorithm == "md5",
+
+			// with an unknown size (-1) minio-go assumes a 5TiB object and buffers a 528MiB part for it, even
+			// for a payload of a few KiB, so pin the part size there, a known size derives its own
+			PartSize: util.Iif[uint64](size < 0, unknownSizePartSize, 0),
 		},
 	)
 	if err != nil {
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More